Melanoleuca verrucipes (Melanoleuca verrucipes) chithunzi ndi kufotokoza

Melanoleuca warty-miyendo (Melanoleuca verrucipes)

• Mastoleucomyces verrucipes (Fr.) Kuti
• Melanoleuca verrucipes f. kuvomereza (P.Karst.) Fontenla & Para
• Melanoleuca verrucipes var. sokoneza Raithelh.
• Melanoleuca verrucipes var. muzakhala ndi zowawa
• Tricholoma verrucipes (Fr.) Bres.

Mutu wapano: Melanoleuca verrucipes (Fr.) Woyimba

mbiri ya taxonomic

"Warty Cavalier" uyu adafotokozedwa mu 1874 ndi katswiri wa mycologist wa ku Sweden Elias Magnus Fries, yemwe adamutcha dzina lakuti Agaricus verrucipes. Dzina lake lasayansi lovomerezeka, Melanoleuca verrucipes, linayamba kufalitsidwa ndi Rolf Singer mu 1939.

Etymology

Dzina la mtundu wa Melanoleuca limachokera ku mawu akale akuti melas kutanthauza zakuda ndi leucos kutanthauza zoyera. No Warty Cavalier ndi wakuda komanso woyera, koma ambiri ali ndi zipewa zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni pamwamba ndi mbale zoyera pansi.

Epithet verrucipes yeniyeni kwenikweni amatanthauza "phazi warty" - "ndi phazi larty, phazi", ndi mawu akuti "phazi", ndithudi, amatanthauza "mwendo", ponena za bowa.

Nthawi zambiri kutanthauzira kwa Melanoleuca kwa zamoyozo kumakhala kowopsa. Melanoleuca verrucipes ndizosiyana nazo, imodzi mwa mitundu yochepa ya melaneuca yomwe imatha kudziwika ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu osayang'ana kuthengo kwa microscopy.

Mtundu wa melanoleuca verrucous peduncle umasiyana ndi mnzake ndi phesi lowala, pafupifupi loyera lophimbidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono, koma owoneka bwino a bulauni kapena akuda, ofanana ndi nkhanambo kapena njerewere.

mutu: 3-7 cm m'mimba mwake (nthawi zina mpaka 10 cm), kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka zonona zokhala ndi bulauni wotumbululuka, kapu imayamba kukhala yowoneka bwino kenako imaphwanyidwa, pafupifupi nthawi zonse imakhala ndi tubercle yaying'ono, mu bowa wamkulu amakhala wowoneka bwino kapena pafupifupi wosalala. , youma, dazi, yosalala, nthawi zina yosalala bwino. Mtundu wake ndi woyera, woyera, nthawi zambiri ndi mdima wapakati. Mnofu wa kapu ndi woonda, woyera mpaka kirimu wotumbululuka kwambiri.

mbale: omatira kwambiri, pafupipafupi, okhala ndi mbale zambiri. Mtundu wa mbaleyo ndi woyera, wotumbululuka wofewa, umakhala bulauni ndi zaka.

mwendo: kutalika 4-5 masentimita ndi makulidwe 0,5-1 masentimita (pali zitsanzo zokhala ndi tsinde mpaka 6 cm kutalika ndi 2 cm wandiweyani). Lathyathyathya ndi maziko otupa pang'ono. Zouma, zoyera pansi pa bulauni mpaka pafupifupi nkhanambo zakuda. Palibe mphete kapena zone ya annular. Mnofu wam'mwendo ndi wolimba, wa fibrous.

Pulp: zoyera, zoyera, zokometsera mu zitsanzo zokulirapo, sizisintha mtundu zikawonongeka.

Futa: bowa pang'ono, tsabola pang'ono kapena kununkhira kwa amondi kotheka. Amalemba za mithunzi ya fungo, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana: ma almond owawa, kutumphuka kwa tchizi, komanso ufa, fruity. Kapena: wowawasa, tsabola, nthawi zina peary, zingakhale zosasangalatsa mu zitsanzo okhwima.

Kukumana: yofewa, yopanda mawonekedwe.

spore powder: zoyera mpaka zotumbululuka zonona.

Makhalidwe a Microscopic:

Spores 7–10 x 3–4,5 µm utali wa ellipsoid, wokhala ndi njerewere za amyloid zosakwana 0,5 µm kutalika.

Basidia 4-spore.

Cheilocystidia sanapezeke.

Pleurocystidia 50–65 x 5–7,5 µm, fusiform yokhala ndi nsonga yopapatiza komanso septum imodzi, mipanda yopyapyala, hyaline ku KOH, pamwamba nthawi zina imakutidwa ndi makhiristo.

Tramu ya mbale ndi subparallel.

Pileipellis ndi cutis wa zinthu 2,5–7,5 µm m'lifupi, septate, hyaline mu KOH, yosalala; Ma cell amatha kukhala oimilira, ozungulira, okhala ndi ma apice ozungulira.

Malumikizidwe a clamp sanapezeke.

Saprophyte, imamera payokha kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'nthaka kapena tchipisi tamatabwa, m'nthaka yodzaza ndi humus ndi udzu wodzala ndi masamba ndi udzu, tchipisi tamatabwa kapena milu ya manyowa.

Melanoleuca verruciforma imapezeka kuyambira masika mpaka autumn, nsonga za zipatso kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi autumn.

Kupezeka paliponse, kawirikawiri.

Kumpoto ndi kumapiri a ku Ulaya, zimachitika mwachibadwa m'madera a udzu, koma m'madera ena a ku Ulaya nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madera ozungulira - mapaki, udzu, mabwalo. Kumpoto kwa America, amapezeka ku Pacific Kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi Mid-Atlantic mayiko, pa woodchip ndi malo ena malo, kapena mu ngalande zaudzu ndi m'mphepete mwa misewu.

Zikuoneka kuti kufalitsidwa padziko lonse kwa mitundu imeneyi kwakula kwambiri m’zaka zaposachedwapa chifukwa chosamukira ku zomera zotumizidwa kunja, kompositi, ndi mulch wa m’munda wa woodchip.

Bowa ambiri amtundu wa Melanoleuca amaonedwa kuti ndi odyedwa, koma kukoma kwawo, moona mtima, ndikomweko. Mwina ndichifukwa chake otsogolera ambiri a ku Ulaya amawatchula kuti "Zosatheka", zomwe zili ndi ndondomeko ya "popeza bowa wamtunduwu ndi wovuta kuzindikira, timalimbikitsa kuti onse aziwoneka ngati okayikitsa, osati osonkhanitsidwa kuti adye."

Komabe, sikunali kotheka kupeza zambiri za poizoni wa Melanoleuca warty-warty-legged. Tidzayika zamoyozi mu "Inedible", osati chifukwa cha reinsurance, koma chifukwa chakusowa kwa Melanoleuca verrucipes m'gawo la USSR yakale. Osadya, ndibwino kutenga zithunzi zambiri zabwino momwe mungathere.

Melanoleuca wakuda ndi woyera (Melanoleuca melaleuca)

Macroscopically imatha kukhala yofanana kwambiri, koma ilibe mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda wakuda pa tsinde.

• Agaricus anavomera P.Karst.
• Agaricus verrucipes (Fr.) Fr.
• Armillaria verrucipes Fr.
• Ndimagwirizana ndi Clitocybendi P.Karst.
• Clitocybe amawombera P.Karst.
• Clitocybe verrucipes (Fr.) Maire
• Gyrophila verrucipes (Eng.) Bwanji.

Chithunzi: Vyacheslav.