Kodi n’chiyani chimathandiza munthu kupulumuka ngakhale ali m’ndende yozunzirako anthu? Kodi n’chiyani chimakupatsani mphamvu kuti mupitirizebe ngakhale kuti zinthu zili bwanji? Ngakhale kuti zikumveka ngati zosokoneza, chinthu chofunika kwambiri m'moyo si kufunafuna chisangalalo, koma cholinga ndi kutumikira ena. Mawu awa adapanga maziko a ziphunzitso za Austrian psychologist ndi psychotherapist Viktor Frankl.
“Chimwemwe sichingakhale momwe tinkaganizira poyamba. Pankhani ya moyo wonse, mphamvu ya malingaliro ndi kuchuluka kwa chikhutiro chaumwini, pali chinachake chofunika kwambiri kuposa chimwemwe,” Linda ndi Charlie Bloom, akatswiri a maganizo ndi akatswiri a zaubwenzi amene achititsa masemina ambiri okhudza chimwemwe.
M'chaka chake chatsopano ku koleji, Charlie adawerenga buku lomwe amakhulupirira kuti linasintha moyo wake. “Panthaŵiyo, linali buku lofunika koposa limene ndinaŵerengapo, ndipo likupitirizabe kukhalabe mpaka lero. Imatchedwa Man's Search for Meaning ndipo inalembedwa mu 1946 ndi Viennese psychiatrist and psychotherapist. Victor Frankl".
Frankl posachedwapa anatulutsidwa m’ndende yozunzirako anthu kumene anatsekeredwa m’ndende kwa zaka zingapo. Kenako analandira uthenga wakuti a Nazi anapha banja lake lonse, kuphatikizapo mkazi wake, mchimwene wake, makolo ake ndi achibale ake ambiri. Zimene Frankl anaona ndi zimene anakumana nazo panthaŵi imene anakhala mumsasa wozunzirako anthu zinam’fikitsa pa mfundo imene idakali imodzi mwa mawu achidule komanso ozama kwambiri okhudza moyo mpaka lero.
"Chilichonse chikhoza kuchotsedwa kwa munthu, kupatulapo chinthu chimodzi: ufulu wotsiriza wa anthu - ufulu wosankha muzochitika zilizonse momwe angawachitire, kusankha njira yanu," adatero. Lingaliro ili ndi ntchito zonse zotsatila za Frankl sizinali zongopeka chabe - zinali zochokera pakuwona kwake kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa akaidi ena osawerengeka, kulingalira kwamkati ndi zomwe zinamuchitikira kuti apulumuke muzochitika zankhanza.
Popanda cholinga ndi tanthauzo, mzimu wathu wofunika umafooka ndipo timakhala osatetezeka ku kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwamalingaliro.
Malinga ndi zomwe Frankl ananena, mwayi woti akaidi a msasawo apulumuke umadalira mwachindunji ngati ali ndi Cholinga. Cholinga chatanthauzo kwambiri kuposa iwowo, chomwe chinawathandiza kuwongolera moyo wa ena. Iye ananena kuti akaidi amene anali kuvutika m’misasa ndi m’maganizo koma okhoza kupulumuka, amakonda kufunafuna ndi kupeza mipata yogawana zinthu ndi ena. Angakhale mawu otonthoza, chidutswa cha mkate, kapena kungosonyeza kukoma mtima ndi chifundo.
Ndithudi, ichi sichinali chitsimikiziro cha kupulumuka, koma chinali njira yawo yosungirira lingaliro la chifuno ndi tanthauzo m’mikhalidwe yankhanza kwambiri ya kukhalako. Charlie Bloom anawonjezera kuti: “Popanda cholinga ndiponso tanthauzo, nyonga yathu imafooka ndipo timakhala pachiopsezo cha kupsinjika maganizo kwakuthupi ndi m’maganizo.
Ngakhale kuti nkwachibadwa kwa munthu kukonda chimwemwe m’malo mwa kuvutika, Frankl akunena kuti lingaliro la chifuno ndi tanthauzo kaŵirikaŵiri limabadwa chifukwa cha mavuto ndi zowawa. Iye, mofanana ndi wina aliyense, anamvetsa kufunika kowombola kwa masautso. Iye anazindikira kuti chinachake chabwino chikhoza kukula kuchokera mu chokumana nacho chowawa kwambiri, kusandutsa kuvutika kukhala moyo wowunikiridwa ndi Cholinga.
Linda ndi Charlie Bloom akutchula m’buku lina la m’magazini yotchedwa Atlantic Monthly kuti: “Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kukhala ndi cholinga m’moyo kumapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndiponso wokhutira, kumapangitsa kuti munthu asamagwire bwino ntchito ya m’maganizo, kumapangitsa kuti munthu asamavutike komanso asamadzikayikire. mwayi wokhumudwa. “.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kufunafuna chisangalalo kosalekeza kumapangitsa kuti anthu asakhale osangalala. “Chimwemwe,” iwo amatikumbutsa motero, “kaŵirikaŵiri chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chisangalalo cha kukhala ndi malingaliro osangalatsa ndi zisangalalo. Timasangalala pamene chosowa kapena chikhumbo chikakwaniritsidwa ndipo timapeza zomwe tikufuna.”
Wofufuza wina dzina lake Kathleen Vohs ananena kuti “anthu osangalala amapeza chimwemwe chochuluka akalandira mapindu kwa iwo eni, pamene anthu amene amakhala ndi moyo watanthauzo amapeza chimwemwe chochuluka chifukwa chopatsa ena chinachake.” Kafukufuku wina amene anachitika mu 2011 anasonyeza kuti anthu amene moyo wawo umakhala watanthauzo ndiponso amene ali ndi cholinga chodziŵika bwino, amakhala osangalala kuposa anthu opanda cholinga, ngakhale pa nthawi imene zinthu sizikuwayendera bwino.
Zaka zingapo asanalembe buku lake, Viktor Frankl anali kale ndi cholinga chozama, chomwe nthawi zina chinkafuna kuti asiye zilakolako zake mokomera zikhulupiriro ndi malonjezo. Pofika mu 1941, dziko la Austria linali litalandidwa kale ndi Ajeremani kwa zaka zitatu. Frankl adadziwa kuti inali nthawi yochepa makolo ake asanatengedwe. Panthawiyo anali kale ndi mbiri yapamwamba ndipo ankadziwika padziko lonse chifukwa cha zopereka zake pazamaganizo. Anapempha ndipo analandira visa ya ku United States kumene iye ndi mkazi wake akakhala osungika, kutali ndi chipani cha Nazi.
Koma, popeza zinaonekeratu kuti makolo ake mosakayikira adzatumizidwa ku ndende yozunzirako anthu, anakumana ndi chisankho choipa - kupita ku America, kuthawa ndi kupanga ntchito, kapena kukhala, kuika moyo wake pachiswe ndi moyo wa mkazi wake, koma kuthandizira. makolo ake pamavuto. Atalingalira mozama, Frankl anazindikira kuti cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kukhala ndi thayo kwa makolo ake okalamba. Anaganiza zosiya zokonda zake, kukhala ku Vienna ndikupereka moyo wake kutumikira makolo ake, ndiyeno akaidi ena m’misasa.
Tonsefe timatha kusankha zochita komanso kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi zimenezo.
Linda ndi Charlie Bloom anawonjezera kuti: “Zokumana nazo za Frankl panthaŵiyi zapereka maziko a ntchito yake yongopeka chabe ndiponso yachipatala, yomwe kuyambira nthawi imeneyo yakhudza kwambiri moyo wa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Viktor Frankl anamwalira mu 1997 ali ndi zaka 92. Zimene ankakhulupirira zinali m’mabuku ophunzitsa ndi asayansi.
Moyo wake wonse wakhala ngati chitsanzo chodabwitsa cha kuthekera kodabwitsa kwa munthu m'modzi kupeza ndi kupanga tanthauzo m'moyo wodzaza ndi kuzunzika kodabwitsa kwakuthupi ndi m'malingaliro nthawi zina. Iye mwiniyo anali umboni weniweni wakuti tonsefe tili ndi ufulu wosankha mmene timaonera zinthu m’mikhalidwe iliyonse. Ndipo zisankho zomwe timapanga zimakhala zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti moyo wathu ukhale wabwino.
Pali zochitika zomwe sitingathe kusankha zosankha zosangalatsa zachitukuko cha zochitika, koma palibe zochitika ngati sitingathe kusankha maganizo athu kwa iwo. “Moyo wa Frankl, kuposa mawu amene analemba, umatsimikizira kuti tonsefe timatha kusankha zochita ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Mosakayikira, unali moyo wabwino,” analemba motero Linda ndi Charlie Bloom.
Za olemba: Linda ndi Charlie Bloom ndi akatswiri azamisala komanso ochiritsa mabanja.