angapo sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis kapena SEP ndi matenda otupa a autoimmune, omwe amakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje lapakati. Matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono nthawi zambiri ndipo kuwonjezereka kumeneku kumadalira, mwa zina, kuchulukana ndi kuopsa kwa kubwereranso.

La ofoola ziwalo igwireni dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha, makamaka ubongo, mitsempha ndi msana. Zimasintha kufalikira kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha chifukwa myelin, yomwe imapanga chiwombankhanga chotetezera kuzungulira mitsempha yowonjezera, imakhudzidwa.  

Zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo omwe myelin imakhudzidwa: dzanzi la mwendo, kusokonezeka kwa maso, kumva kugwedezeka kwa magetsi m'mbali kapena kumbuyo, kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe, etc.

Werengani zambiri za zizindikiro za multiple sclerosis 

Nthawi zambiri, multiple sclerosis imakula akuthamanga, pamene zizindikiro zimawonekeranso kapena zizindikiro zatsopano zimayamba. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimatha pambuyo poyambiranso, koma pakapita zaka zingapo kubwereranso kumachoka anayankha (zizindikiro zamuyaya), zolepheretsa mochulukira. Matendawa angakhudzedi ntchito zambiri: kuwongolera mayendedwe, kuzindikira, kukumbukira, kulankhula, ndi zina zambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwamankhwala, kukhala ndi multiple sclerosis sikufanananso ndi chikuku. Vuto lalikulu lofotokozedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri ndi kutopa, komwe kumatchedwanso "chilema chosaoneka" chifukwa sichiwoneka koma chimakhala chokhumudwitsa ndipo chimafuna kusintha pa moyo wake wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Palinso mtundu wopita patsogolo wa multiple sclerosis, womwe supita patsogolo, koma umayamba pang'onopang'ono.

La ofoola ziwalo ndi matenda osatha a autoimmune, kuopsa kwake komanso njira yake yomwe imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Anafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1868 ndi katswiri wa zaubongo wa ku France Jean Martin Charcot.

Matendawa amakhala ndi yotupa zimachitikira amene m`malo kutsogolera chiwonongeko cha myelin (kuchepa kwa demyelination). Myelin ndi sheath yomwe imazungulira mitsempha ya mitsempha (onani chithunzi pansipa). Ntchito yake ndi kuteteza ulusi izi ndi imathandizira kufala kwa mauthenga kapena mayendedwe a mitsempha. Chitetezo cha mthupi cha anthu okhudzidwa chimawononga myelin pochiwona ngati chachilendo kwa thupi (autoimmune reaction). Motero, m’malo ena a dongosolo lamanjenje, zisonkhezerozo zimachedwa kapena kutsekeka, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Kupatula kuphulika, kutupa kumachepa ndipo gawo la myelin limasinthidwa kuzungulira ulusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikirozo ziwonongeke. Komabe, pazochitika zobwerezabwereza komanso kwa nthawi yaitali, mphamvu ya mitsempha ikhoza kulephera kuyenda, zomwe zimabweretsa kulemala kosatha.

Ziwalo zamanjenje zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa zimawoneka ngati mbale zomwe zimatha kuwonedwa panthawi yojambula maginito (MRI), motero mawuwo ofoola ziwalo.

Multiple sclerosis chithunzi

Kodi zimayambitsa multiple sclerosis ndi chiyani? 

  • La ofoola ziwalo  zimachitika pamaso pa osakaniza zinthu zachilengedwe, mwa anthu omwe chibadwa chawo chimayambitsa matendawa. .
  • Munthu akamachoka ku Equator, matendawa ndi omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri: chifukwa cha izi, ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti kusowa kwa dzuwa pa nthawi ya ubwana ndi unyamata kungathandize.
  • Kusuta fodya mwa ana komanso kusuta kwa achinyamata kungathandizenso.
  • Ma virus omwe angapangitse kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke mosayenera atha kukhala nawo: mulimonse, uwu ndi mzere wa kafukufuku womwe umatengedwa mozama.
  • Kumbali ina, kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti katemerayu ndi wosavomerezeka (otsutsana ndi hepatitis B kapena papillomavirus), nthawi yomwe amaganiziridwa kuti ndi yothandiza.
  • Malinga ndi zinthu zobadwa nazo predisposing, iwonso ndi ambiri. Ma jini angapo omwe angakhale nawo adziwika m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo angapangitse chiopsezo cha multiple sclerosis. Ndiponso, ngoziyo imakula pamene ena a m’banjamo akhudzidwa kale ndi matendawa.

Onaninso magawo a People At Risk and Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis

Kuzindikira: mumazindikira bwanji multiple sclerosis? 

Palibe mayeso omwe angazindikire motsimikiza a ofoola ziwalo. Komanso, zolakwa za matenda zimakhalabe kawirikawiri, chifukwa matenda ambiri amatha kudziwonetsera okha ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi multiple sclerosis.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda kutengera :

  • Palibe mayeso omwe angazindikire motsimikiza a ofoola ziwalo. Komanso, zolakwa za matenda zimakhalabe kawirikawiri pachiyambi, chifukwa matenda ambiri amayamba kuonekera ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi multiple sclerosis.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda kutengera :

  • Mbiri yachipatala, ndi mafunso omwe amakhazikitsa mbiri ya mavuto okhudzana ndi vutoli ndikuzindikiritsa, ngati kuli koyenera, mawonetseredwe am'mbuyo a mitsempha.
  • Kuyeza kwa thupi komwe kumayesa masomphenya, mphamvu ya minofu, kamvekedwe ka minofu, kusinthasintha, kugwirizana, ntchito zamaganizo, mphamvu ndi kusuntha.
  • Kujambula kwa maginito a maginito (MRI) a ubongo ndi msana zomwe zimakulolani kuti muwone zotupa muzinthu zoyera (zomwe zili ndi myelin): iyi ndiyo kufufuza kodziwika kwambiri. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) m'dera la lumbar sichizolowezi koma imatha kuthandizira zizindikiro za kutupa.
  • Kutengera ndi zizindikiro komanso musanapereke chithandizo, mayeso ena angapemphedwebe: mwachitsanzo, fundus, chojambulira chamagetsi kuti athe kuyeza nthawi yomwe zimatenga kuti chidziwitso chowoneka chifike ku ubongo, EKG, ndi zina zambiri.

    • La ofoola ziwalo ndizovuta kuzizindikira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kubwereranso kwa 2 kapena kupitilira apo, ndikukhululukidwa pang'ono, kuti mutsimikizire za matendawa.

    Kuti akhazikitse chidziwitso chotsimikizika cha multiple sclerosis, katswiri wa zamaganizo ayenera kutsimikiza kuti pali kuwonongeka kwa myelin m'malo awiri osiyana omwe sangakhale chotsatira cha matenda ena (chiwerengero cha malo). Kuphatikiza apo, ayeneranso kuwonetsa kuti zophwanya izi zidachitika nthawi ziwiri zosiyana (zotsatira zanthawi yochepa). Funso lachipatala ndilofunika kwambiri kuti tithe kumvetsa bwino zizindikirozo ndikuwona ngati pakhala pali zizindikiro za mitsempha m'mbuyomu.

    Kodi multiple sclerosis imakula bwanji?

    THEkusanduka ndi multiple sclerosis zosadziwika. Mlandu uliwonse ndi wapadera. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa kuyambiranso, kapena mtundu wa kuukira, kapena zaka zomwe wapezeka ndi matendawa sizipangitsa kuti zitheke kulosera kapena kulingalira za tsogolo la munthu amene wakhudzidwa. Pali mawonekedwe abwino zomwe sizimayambitsa vuto lililonse lakuthupi, ngakhale pambuyo pa zaka 20 kapena 30 zakudwala. Mitundu ina imatha kusinthika mwachangu komanso kukhala yochulukirapo osavomerezeka. Pomaliza, anthu ena amakhala ndi vuto limodzi lokha m'moyo wawo wonse.

    Masiku ano, chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe alipo, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi multiple sclerosis amatha kutsogolera anthu okhutira kwambiri, banja (kuphatikizapo mimba kwa amayi) ndi moyo wa akatswiri, pamtengo wa kusintha kwina chifukwa kutopa kumakhala kofala.

    Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya multiple sclerosis ndi iti?

    Kawirikawiri, timasiyanitsa Maonekedwe awiri zifukwa zazikulu za multiple sclerosis, malingana ndi momwe matendawa amapitira pakapita nthawi.

    • Fomu yotumizira. Mu 85% ya milandu, matendawa amayamba ndi mawonekedwe a relapsing-remitting (omwe amatchedwanso "relapsing-remitting"), omwe amadziwika ndi akuthamanga kulumikizidwa ndi kukhululukidwa. Kukankhira kamodzi sikokwanira kuzindikiritsa matenda nthawi zambiri, madotolo nthawi zina amalankhula za "matenda odzipatula" podikirira kuti awone momwe zimakhalira. Kutentha kumatanthauzidwa ngati nthawi yoyambira zizindikiro zatsopano zaubongo kapena kuwonekeranso kwazizindikiro zakale zomwe zimatha maola osachepera 24, zosiyanitsidwa ndi zomwe zidayamba kale ndi mwezi umodzi. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amatha masiku angapo mpaka mwezi umodzi, kenako amatha pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, pakatha zaka zingapo, matendawa amatha kupita ku mawonekedwe achiwiri.
    • Fomu yopitilira patsogolo (kapena kupita patsogolo kuyambira pachiyambi). Mawonekedwewa amadziwika ndi kusayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso kosalekeza kwa matendawa, atazindikira, ndikuwonjezereka kwa zizindikiro kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Zimakhudza 15% ya milandu6. Mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe obwerezabwereza, palibe kubwereranso kwenikweni, ngakhale kuti matendawa amatha kuwonjezereka nthawi zina. Mawonekedwewa nthawi zambiri amawonekera pambuyo pa moyo, pafupifupi zaka 40. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri.
    • Mawonekedwe achiwiri opita patsogolo. Pambuyo pa mawonekedwe oyamba obwerezabwereza, matendawa amatha kukulirakulirabe. Kenako timalankhula za mawonekedwe achiwiri opita patsogolo. Kuphulika kumatha kuchitika, koma sikutsatiridwa ndi kuchotsedwa bwino ndipo kulemala kumakula pang'onopang'ono.

    Ndi anthu angati omwe amakhudzidwa ndi multiple sclerosis? 

    Akuti pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa munthu mmodzi ali ndi multiple sclerosis, koma kufala kumeneku kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mayiko. 

    Malinga ndi Arsep, ku France, anthu 100 amakhudzidwa ndi multiple sclerosis (pafupifupi 000 matenda atsopano omwe amapezeka chaka chilichonse) kwa odwala 5000 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.  

    Mayiko a Kumpoto amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa mayiko omwe ali pafupi ndi equator. Ku Canada, chiwopsezochi chimanenedwa kuti ndichokwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (1/500), ndikupangitsa kukhala matenda ofala kwambiri amisempha mwa achinyamata. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, pafupifupi anthu 100 aku France ali ndi matendawa, pomwe Canada ili ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri cha multiple sclerosis padziko lonse lapansi ndi chiwerengero chofanana cha matenda. Mpaka pano sizikudziwika, akazi ndi ochuluka kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa omwe alipo. amuna omwe ali ndi multiple sclerosis. Matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 000 mpaka 2, koma amathanso, nthawi zina, amakhudza ana (osakwana 20%).

    Monga gawo lamachitidwe ake abwino, Passeportsanté.net ikukupemphani kuti mupeze malingaliro a akatswiri azaumoyo. Dr Jacques Allard, dokotala wamkulu, amakupatsani malingaliro ake pa ofoola ziwalo : Akuti pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa munthu mmodzi ali ndi multiple sclerosis, koma kufala kumeneku kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mayiko. 

    Ku France, pali anthu 100.000 omwe amakhudzidwa ndi multiple sclerosis ndipo 2.000 mpaka 3.000 atsopano amapezeka chaka chilichonse.

    Azimayi amakhudzidwa katatu kuposa amuna.

    Avereji ya zaka zomwe zizindikiro zimayambira ndi zaka 30. Komabe, ana amathanso kukhudzidwa: matendawa amakhudza ana pafupifupi 700 m'dziko lathu.

    Mayiko akumpoto amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa mayiko omwe ali pafupi ndi equator. Ku Canada, chiwopsezochi chimanenedwa kuti ndichokwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (1/500), ndikupangitsa kukhala matenda ofala kwambiri amisempha mwa achinyamata.

    Malingaliro a Dokotala Wathu pa Multiple Sclerosis 

    Monga gawo la njira yake yabwino, Passeportsanté.net ikukupemphani kuti mupeze malingaliro a akatswiri azaumoyo. Dr Nathalie Szapiro, sing'anga wamkulu, amakupatsani malingaliro ake pa ofoola ziwalo :

     

    Monga matenda aliwonse a nthawi yayitali omwe amakhudza munthu yemwe akadali wamng'ono, multiple sclerosis ikhoza kukayikira moyo womwe unkawoneka bwino: njira yaukadaulo, moyo wachikondi, kuyenda pafupipafupi, ndi zina zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwe chake chosatsimikizika - chidza pamakhala miliri ina, nthawi yayitali bwanji, ndi zotsatira zotani - zimasokonezanso zomwe munthu angakhale nazo za tsogolo lake.

    Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudzizungulira bwino mwachipatala (ndi gulu lolola kusinthanitsa mwachikhulupiriro chonse) komanso kuthandizidwa ndi mayanjano a odwala, mwachitsanzo.

    Kukhala ndi multiple sclerosis kumafuna kuti mupange zisankho zina zomwe mwina simunakonzekere pachiyambi, koma sizimakulepheretsani kutsogolera banja lolemera, moyo waumphawi ndi akatswiri ndipo motero, kukhala ndi ntchito.

    Mankhwala apita patsogolo ndipo chifaniziro cha munthu yemwe ali ndi multiple sclerosis yemwe ankayenera kukhala panjinga ya olumala zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pake sichikugwira ntchito. Vuto lomwe nthawi zambiri limaperekedwa ndi odwala ndi kutopa komwe kumatanthauza kusagwira ntchito mopambanitsa, kumvera thupi lanu komanso kutenga nthawi. Kutopa ndi gawo la zomwe zimatchedwa "chilema chosawoneka".

     

    Dr Nathalie Szapiro 

    Kodi multiple sclerosis ingapewedwe?

    Panopa palibe njira yotsimikizirika yopewera multiple sclerosis, chifukwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.

    Komabe ndizotheka kupewa zinthu zina zowopsa monga kusuta fodya mwa ana (komanso kusuta kwa achinyamata ndi achinyamata).

    Kulimbikitsa ntchito zapanja kwa achinyamata m'malo mokhala zokhoma pakati pa makoma anayi ndi lingaliro labwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino dzuwa m'nyengo yozizira. Kutenga zowonjezera za vitamini D kungakhale kopindulitsa.

     

    Siyani Mumakonda