Osteotomy ndi opareshoni yomwe imakonza zopunduka zamafupa ndi ziwalo, makamaka bondo, chiuno kapena nsagwada.

Osteotomy (yochokera ku Greek oste: bone; ndi tomê: cut) ndi njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe imakhala ndi kudula fupa kuti musinthe cholumikizira, kukula kapena mawonekedwe. Kuchita opaleshoni yamtunduwu kumachitidwa mobwerezabwereza pakakhala zovuta kapena matenda osachiritsika, monga nyamakazi ya bondo kapena mchiuno, mwachitsanzo. Koma nthawi zina, opaleshoniyi imatha kukhalanso ndi cholinga chokongoletsa, monga mwachitsanzo panthawi ya chibwano kapena rhinoplasty (opareshoni yosintha mawonekedwe ndi mphuno).

Osteotomy imagwiridwa potsatira izi:

• kufooka kwa bondo, monga miyendo yolowera panja (genu varum) kapena miyendo yolowera mkati kapena kunena "mu X" (genu valgum);
• m'chiuno dysplasia (kapena m'chiuno dislocation), kubadwa kapena anapeza chilema cha chiuno olowa;
• nyamakazi ya bondo kapena mchiuno kuti muchepetse kuyika kwa prosthesis kwa odwala achinyamata;
• kufooka kwa msana komwe kumabweretsa kubowola kapena "kusakasaka" kumbuyo (kyphosis) kapena ngati chithandizo chothetsera vuto lomaliza pamavuto akulu a scoliosis ("S" kufooka kwa msana);
• chosalongosoka cha nsagwada (mandible) kapena nsagwada chapamwamba (maxilla) chomwe chimalepheretsa mayendedwe abwino a mano;
• bunion (kapena hallux valgus) kupatuka kwa chala chachikulu chakumapazi kumapazi ena ndikuwonekera kwa chotupa chakunja kwa cholumikizacho.

Ochita opaleshoni apulasitiki amachitanso osteotomy kuti asinthe mawonekedwe a chibwano.

Nthawi zambiri, popanga opaleshoni, mafupawo amadulidwa ndi zida zapadera. Kenako, malekezowo amawongolera momwe amafunira kenako amagwiridwa ndi mbale, zomangira kapena ndodo zachitsulo (misomali ya intramedullary). Ntchito yonseyi imachitika mwina pomagoneka pobwezeretsa kapena pochita dzanzi. Chisankhochi chimapangidwa ndi oletsa ululu mogwirizana ndi wodwalayo komanso kutengera mtundu wa osteotomy yomwe yachitika.

Kuchira pambuyo pa opaleshoni kumadalira fupa lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi osteotomy. Kawirikawiri, chithandizo chothandizira kupweteka chimaperekedwa ndi adotolo, komanso kuperewera pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa olowa (chiuno, bondo, nsagwada). Kuchira kwathunthu kumasiyananso kuyambira masabata angapo mpaka miyezi ingapo kutengera kukula kwa opaleshoniyi.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya nsagwada, nthawi zambiri zimalangizidwa kupewa kusuta.

Mofanana ndi njira iliyonse yochitira opaleshoni yochita opaleshoni, osteotomy imatha kuyambitsa vuto la mankhwala oletsa kupweteka kapena kukhala ndi vuto lakupuma.

Nthawi zambiri, opaleshoni yamtunduwu imakhudza zoopsa zomwe zimachitika pakuchita opareshoni. Tiyeni titchule mwachitsanzo:

• chitukuko cha matenda nosocomial;
• kutaya magazi;
• mapangidwe a magazi pamalo a opaleshoniyi (nthawi zambiri pamiyendo pochita maondo);
• kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imayambitsa kutayika kapena kuyenda kwa olowa (bondo, nsagwada);
• ululu pambuyo pa opaleshoni;
• kuthyoka fupa;
• zipsera zowoneka.

Pomaliza, kupambana kwa ntchitoyi sikutsimikizika. Komanso, pali chiopsezo cholephera chomwe chingafune maopaleshoni owonjezera.

Opaleshoni yayikulu komanso mankhwala oletsa kupweteka ambiri nthawi zambiri samalimbikitsa anthu okalamba kwambiri kapena anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta zina monga mavuto amtima.