Njira yachikale yochizira kukhumudwa ndiyo kupeza vuto ndikulikonza, kuti mudziwe chomwe chalakwika pomwe. Chabwino, kenako nchiyani? Zoyenera kuchita ngati vuto lilibe, pomwe zero zafika? Ndikofunikira kukwera pamwamba, kuwerenga maganizo abwino kumaphunzitsa, kukhala osangalala, kupeza chinthu choyenera kukhala nacho.
Pamsonkhano ku Paris, mtolankhani wochokera ku French Psychologies anakumana ndi woyambitsa maganizo abwino, Martin Seligman, kuti amufunse za chiyambi cha njira ndi njira zodziwira.
Psychology: Munapeza bwanji lingaliro latsopano lokhudza ntchito za psychology?
Martin Seligman: Ndinagwira ntchito ndi kupsinjika maganizo, kusungulumwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Pamene wodwala anandiuza kuti, "Ndikufuna kukhala wosangalala," ndinayankha, "Mukufuna kuti kuvutika maganizo kwanu kuthe." Ndinaganiza kuti tiyenera kupita «kulibe» - kupanda kuvutika. Madzulo ena mkazi wanga anandifunsa kuti, "Kodi ndinu okondwa?" Ndinayankha kuti, “Ndi funso lopusa bwanji! sindine wokondwa. ” “Tsiku lina udzamvetsa,” Mandy wanga anayankha.
Kenako munali ndi epiphany zikomo kwa m'modzi wa ana anu aakazi, Nikki…
Pamene Nikki anali ndi zaka 6, anandipatsa luntha. Anavina m'munda, kuimba, kununkhiza maluwa. Ndipo ndinayamba kumukalipira kuti: “Nikki, pita ukayesetse!” Anabwerera kunyumba n’kundiuza kuti: “Kodi ukukumbukira kuti ndinkangolira mpaka pamene ndinali ndi zaka 5? Kodi waona kuti sindichitanso izi?" Ndinayankha, "Inde, nzabwino kwambiri." “Mukudziwa, ndili ndi zaka 5, ndinaganiza zosiya. Ndipo ichi ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri chomwe ndidachitapo m'moyo wanga. Ndiye popeza ndasiya kung’ung’udza, mukhoza kusiya kung’ung’udza nthawi zonse!”
Zinthu zitatu zinandidziŵikiratu nthaŵi yomweyo: Choyamba, ndinaleredwa molakwa. Ntchito yanga yeniyeni monga kholo sinali kusankha Nikki, koma kumuwonetsa luso lake ndikumulimbikitsa. Kachiwiri, Nikki anali wolondola - ndinali wong'ung'udza. Ndipo ndinanyadira! Kupambana kwanga konse kwakhazikika pakutha kuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika.
Udindo wanga mu psychology ndikuti, "Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili kunja uko, kupitirira, kupitirira zonsezi."
Mwina ndikhoza kusintha mphatsoyi ndikuwona zomwe zikuyenda bwino? Ndipo chachitatu, ndinasankhidwa kukhala pulezidenti wa American Psychological Association. Ndipo psychology yonse idakhazikitsidwa pamalingaliro owongolera zolakwa. Sizinapangitse moyo wathu kukhala wosangalatsa, koma zidaufooketsa.
Kodi kuganiza kwanu za psychology yabwino kunayamba kuyambira nthawi imeneyo?
Ndinaphunzira Freud, koma ndinaganiza kuti maganizo ake anali ofulumira, osakhazikika. Kenaka ndinaphunzira ndi Aaron Beck ku yunivesite ndipo ndinachita chidwi ndi lingaliro lake la chithandizo chamankhwala.
Mu njira zachidziwitso, pali malingaliro atatu okhudza kuvutika maganizo: munthu wovutika maganizo amakhulupirira kuti dziko ndi loipa; akuganiza kuti alibe mphamvu kapena luso; ndipo ali wotsimikiza kuti m’tsogolo mulibe chiyembekezo. Positive psychology imayang'ana mkhalidwe monga chonchi: "Ha! Palibe chiyembekezo m’tsogolo. Kodi inuyo panokha mungakonde kuti muthandizepo chiyani m’tsogolo?” Kenako timamanga zomwe wodwalayo akuganiza.
Limodzi mwa maziko a psychology yabwino ndikuyesa…
Kwa ine, psychology yabwino ndi sayansi. Malingaliro ake onse amayamba adutsa muyeso. Chifukwa chake ndikuganiza kuti ndi njira yodalirika yothandizira. Pokhapokha ngati mayesero amapereka zotsatira zokhutiritsa, njira zoyenera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita.
Koma kwa ena aife, ndizovuta kuyang'ana moyo wabwino ...
Ndinakhala zaka zanga zoyamba zachipatala ndikukumana ndi zovuta kwambiri: mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuvutika maganizo, kudzipha. Udindo wanga mu psychology ndikuti, "Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili kunja uko, kupitirira, kupitirira zonsezi." Malingaliro anga, ngati tipitiriza kuloza chala pa zomwe zikulakwika, sizidzatitsogolera ku tsogolo, koma ku ziro. Choposa ziro ndi chiyani? Ndicho chimene tiyenera kupeza. Phunzirani kupanga zomveka.
Ndipo momwe mungapereke tanthauzo, m'malingaliro anu?
Ndinakulira pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II, m’dziko losakhazikika. Zoonadi, tikukumanabe ndi mavuto lerolino, koma awa si mavuto akupha, osati amene sangathe kuthetsedwa. Yankho langa: tanthawuzo lake liri mu ubwino waumunthu. Ili ndiye fungulo la chilichonse. Ndipo ndi zomwe ma psychology abwino amachita.
Tingasankhe kukhala ndi moyo wamtendere, kukhala wosangalala, kupanga malonjezo, kukhala paubwenzi wabwino ndi wina ndi mnzake, tingasankhe kukhala ndi cholinga pamoyo. Izi ndi zomwe zadutsa zero, m'malingaliro mwanga. Umu ndi momwe moyo wa anthu uyenera kukhalira pamene zovuta ndi sewero zagonjetsedwa.
Kodi panopa mukugwira ntchito yotani?
Panopa ndikugwira ntchito pa Default Brain Network (BRN), ndiko kuti, ndikufufuza zomwe ubongo umachita ukakhala wopuma (panthawi yodzuka, koma suthetsa ntchito zenizeni. - Pafupifupi. ed.). Dera laubongoli limagwira ntchito ngakhale simukuchita kalikonse - limalumikizidwa ndi kudziwonera nokha, kukumbukira, malingaliro okhudza inu mtsogolo. Zonsezi zimachitika pamene mukulota kapena pamene mupempha wodwalayo kuti aganizire tsogolo lake. Ichi ndi gawo lofunikira la psychology yabwino.
Mumalankhula za zinthu zitatu zomwe ndizofunikira kwa aliyense: kupanga malingaliro osangalatsa, kuchita zomwe zimakhutiritsa, ndikudzipitilira nokha pogwirira ntchito wamba ...
Izi ndi zoona, chifukwa maganizo abwino amachokera pa ubale ndi anthu ena.
Kodi Psychology yabwino imasintha bwanji ma social network?
Nachi chitsanzo. Mkazi wanga, Mandy, amene amajambula kwambiri, anapambana mphoto yoyamba kuchokera m’magazini a Black and White. Ukuganiza ndimuyankhe chani Mandy?
Kuti "Bravo"?
Ndi zomwe ndikanachita kale. Izi ndizofanana ndi maubwenzi osamangika. Koma izi sizingakhale ndi zotsatira pa kulumikizana kwathu. Ndakhala ndikuphunzitsa ma sergeants achichepere m'gulu lankhondo ndipo ndawafunsa funso lomwelo, ndipo yankho lawo linali la mtundu wachangu-wowononga: «Kodi mukudziwa kuti tidzayenera kulipira misonkho yambiri chifukwa cha mphotho iyi? ?» Zimapha kulankhulana. Palinso zochita zongowononga: "Chakudya chamadzulo ndi chiyani?"
Izi sizothandiza kwenikweni.
Phindu lake ndi ubale wokangalika-womanga. Mandy atalandira foni kuchokera kwa mkonzi wamkulu, ndinamufunsa kuti, "Kodi adanena chiyani za ubwino wa kujambula kwako? Munapikisana ndi akatswiri, kotero muli ndi luso lapadera. Mwina mungawaphunzitse ana athu?”
Positive psychotherapy imagwira ntchito bwino. Zimalola wodwalayo kudalira chuma chake ndikuyang'ana zam'tsogolo.
Ndiyeno tinacheza kwa nthawi yaitali m'malo moyamikira banal. Tikatero, timamva bwino. Si psychoanalysis kapena mankhwala omwe amatilola kuwonetsa ndikukulitsa maluso awa. Chitani zoyeserera ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wanu. Ichi ndi chinthu choposa chitukuko cha munthu.
Mukuganiza bwanji za kusinkhasinkha mwanzeru?
Ndakhala ndikusinkhasinkha kwa zaka 20. Uwu ndi mchitidwe wabwino wamaganizidwe. Koma sizothandiza makamaka. Ndimalimbikitsa kusinkhasinkha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi nkhawa kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi, koma osati kwa omwe akuvutika maganizo, chifukwa kusinkhasinkha kumachepetsa mphamvu.
Kodi psychology yabwino imathandiza kuvulala kwakukulu kwamaganizidwe?
Kafukufuku wokhudza kupsinjika kwapambuyo pa zoopsa zowopsa akuwonetsa kuti chithandizo chilichonse sichithandiza. Tikayang'ana zomwe tikuwona mu usilikali, maganizo abwino ndi othandiza ngati chida chopewera, makamaka kwa asilikali omwe amatumizidwa kumalo otentha. Koma atabwerera, zonse zimakhala zovuta. Sindikuganiza kuti mtundu uliwonse wa psychology ungathe kuchiza PTSD. Psychology yabwino si mankhwala.
Nanga bwanji za kuvutika maganizo?
Ndikuganiza kuti pali mitundu itatu yothandiza ya chithandizo: njira zachidziwitso mu psychotherapy, njira za anthu, ndi mankhwala. Ndiyenera kunena kuti psychotherapy yabwino imagwira ntchito bwino. Imalola wodwala kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe ali nazo ndikuyang'ana zam'tsogolo.