“Anthu ena amazoloŵera kwambiri mavuto awo ndi makhalidwe awo oipa kotero kuti sali okonzekera kuwasiya,” akutero katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi psychologist Charles Turk, amene wakhala akupanga psychoanalysis kwa zaka zoposa 20.
Pamene Charles Turk anali wophunzira wa udokotala komanso wophunzira pachipatalapo, anaona kuti nthaŵi zambiri odwala amene achira amapitirizabe kuvutika maganizo. Kenako anayamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zamaganizo, amene amangomvetsera nthawi ngati zimenezi.
Iye anaphunzitsidwa pamaso psychiatry «anapezanso kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo,» ndipo ambiri a aphunzitsi ake ndi oyang'anira apadera mu psychoanalysis - izi anakonzeratu kusankha kwake.
Charles Turk mpaka lero akupitiriza kugwirizanitsa njira zonse muzochita zake - psychiatry ndi psychoanalysis. Ntchito yake yadziwika mu gulu la akatswiri. Mu 1992, adalandira mphotho kuchokera ku National Alliance for Mentally Ill, bungwe la akatswiri amisala. Mu 2004 - mphotho ina yochokera ku bungwe lapadziko lonse la psychoanalytic International Federation for Psychoanalytic Education.
Kodi psychoanalysis imasiyana bwanji ndi psychotherapy?
Charles Turk: Malingaliro anga, psychotherapy imathandiza kuchotsa zizindikiro zomwe zimasokoneza munthu. Psychoanalysis, kumbali ina, ikufuna kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa mikangano yamkati yomwe imayambitsa zizindikirozi.
Kodi psychoanalysis imathandizira bwanji odwala?
Zimakulolani kuti mupange malo otetezeka, ndipo kasitomala akhoza kulankhula momasuka za nkhani zomwe sanakambiranepo ndi wina aliyense - pamene wofufuza sakusokoneza.
Fotokozani ndondomeko ya psychoanalysis. Kodi kwenikweni mumagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala?
Sindimapereka malangizo aliwonse ovomerezeka, koma ndimapanga malo otetezeka kwa kasitomala ndikumuwongolera mochenjera ndikumulimbikitsa kuti adzaze malowa m'njira yomwe ingamuthandize kwambiri. Maziko a ntchitoyi ndi "mayanjano aulere" omwe kasitomala amawonetsa panthawiyi. Koma ali ndi ufulu wonse wokana.
Munthu akayamba kuwona katswiri, amasankha bwanji pakati pa psychoanalysis ndi mitundu ina yamankhwala?
Choyamba, ayenera kuganizira mozama zimene zikumuvutitsa maganizo. Kenako sankhani zomwe akufuna kupeza pogwira ntchito ndi katswiri. Kungochepetsa kapena kuchotsa zizindikiro za vuto kapena kuphunzira ndikuwunika mozama dziko lanu.
Kodi ntchito ya psychoanalyst imasiyana bwanji ndi zomwe akatswiri amadera ndi njira zina amapereka?
Sindimapereka malangizo, chifukwa psychoanalysis imayitanitsa munthu kuti adzipezere yekha chinsinsi - ndipo ali nacho kale - kuchokera kundende yomwe adadzipangira yekha. Ndipo ndimayesetsa kuti ndisapereke mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo chonse.
Tiuzeni zakuchitikirani kwanu ndi psychoanalyst.
Pamene ine ndekha ndinali kugona pampando, psychoanalyst wanga anandipangira malo otetezeka kwambiri momwe ndingapezere njira ndi njira zothetsera malingaliro odzipatula, mantha, kuuma mtima kwakukulu ndi kupsinjika maganizo komwe kwandizunza kwa nthawi yaitali. Zinasinthidwa ndi "kusakhutira kwaumunthu wamba" kumene Freud analonjeza odwala ake. Muzochita zanga, ndimayesetsa kuchita zomwezo kwa makasitomala anga.
Sindimalonjeza makasitomala kuposa momwe ndingathe kuwapatsa.
M'malingaliro anu, ndani angathandize psychoanalysis?
M'munda wathu, akukhulupirira kuti pali njira zina zomwe munthu angadziwe yemwe ali woyenera psychoanalysis. Zimaganiziridwa kuti njirayi ikhoza kukhala yowopsa kwa «anthu osatetezeka». Koma ndabwera ku lingaliro losiyana, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti n'zosatheka kufotokoza kuti ndani angapindule ndi psychoanalysis ndi omwe sadzatero.
Ndi makasitomala anga, ndimayesetsa kuti ndiyambe ntchito ya psychoanalytic mosavutikira, ndikupanga mikhalidwe yoyenera. Akhoza kukana nthawi iliyonse ngati akuona kuti n’zovuta kwambiri kwa iwo. Mwa njira imeneyi, otchedwa «zoopsa» angapewedwe.
Anthu ena amazolowerana kwambiri ndi mavuto awo komanso makhalidwe awo oipa moti sali okonzeka kuwasiya. Komabe, psychoanalysis ikhoza kukhala yothandiza kwa aliyense amene akufuna kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake amalowa muzosasangalatsa zomwezo mobwerezabwereza, ndipo akutsimikiza kukonza. Ndipo amafuna kuchotsa zochitika ndi mawonetseredwe osasangalatsa omwe amawononga moyo wake.
Ndakhala ndi odwala ochepa omwe adafika pachimake pamankhwala am'mbuyomu, koma titagwira ntchito mochuluka tidatha kuwongolera mkhalidwe wawo - adatha kudzipezera okha malo pagulu. Atatu mwa iwo anali ndi schizophrenia. Enanso atatu anali ndi vuto la umunthu wam'malire ndipo adavutika ndi zotsatira zoyipa za psychotrauma yaubwana.
Koma panalinso zolephera. Mwachitsanzo, odwala ena atatu poyamba anali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha "mankhwala olankhula" ndipo ankakonda chithandizo, koma adasiya. Pambuyo pake, ndinaganiza kuti ndisalonjeza makasitomala kuposa momwe ndingathe kuwapatsa.