Mitsempha ya saphenous ili pamiyendo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magazi amayambanso kubwerera. Mitsempha iwiriyi ya nthambi yakumunsi imagwira ntchito yoonetsetsa kuti magazi akuyenda mbali imodzi, m'njira yokwera yomwe iyenera kulimbana ndi mphamvu yokoka. 

Matenda akulu omwe amakhudza mitsempha iyi ndi mawonekedwe a mitsempha ya varicose. Komabe, mankhwala alipo, chithandizo cha opaleshoni ndichotheka.

Mitsempha yayikulu ya saphenous ndi mtsempha wawung'ono wa saphenous ndi gawo limodzi la ma network otchedwa peripheral venous network. Ndi chifukwa cha mavavu a venous omwe magazi amatha kuyenda mozungulira mbali imodzi: kupita pamtima.

Mawuwa ndi etymologically ochokera ku safina yachiarabu, saphenous, yomwe mwina imachokera ku mawu achi Greek omwe amatanthauza "owoneka, owoneka". Chifukwa chake, otolera magazi akulu atali ataliatali atakhala mwendo amapangidwa ndi:

• mtsempha waukulu wa saphenous (womwe umatchedwanso mtsempha wamkati wamkati);
• mtsempha waung'ono wa saphenous (womwe umadziwikanso kuti mitsempha yakunja ya saphenous). 

Zonsezi ndi gawo laukadaulo wapamwamba wamavuto. Mitsempha yayikulu kwambiri ndiyomwe imapita kumtunda, kuti ilumikizane ndi netiweki yakuya. Ponena za mtsempha waung'onoting'ono, umakhudzanso netiweki yakuya, koma kuseri kwa bondo.

Ma netiweki awiri amakhala, mitsempha ya mwendo wakumunsi: imodzi ndi yakuya, inayo ndiyapamwamba, ndipo onse awiri amatsutsana wina ndi mnzake m'magulu angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, mitsempha iyi yam'munsi imapatsidwa mavavu. Ma valve ndi mapangidwe amkati mwa ngalande, apa mtsempha, womwe umalepheretsa kubwerera kwamadzi.

Ntchito yolimbitsa thupi yamitsempha yopanda pake ndikubweretsa magazi amthupi kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba pa thupi, kuti athe kufikira pamtima. Mitsempha yayikulu ya saphenous ndi mtsempha wocheperako umakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe ka magazi. 

Njira yamagazi ikukwera pamlingo wa mitsempha iwiri ya saphenous: chifukwa chake iyenera kulimbana ndi mphamvu yokoka. Mavavu amtunduwu amakakamiza magazi kuti ayende mbali imodzi yokha: kupita pamtima. Ntchito yamavalo ndiyomwe imagawanitsa magazi pamitsempha, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira imodzi ikuzungulira. 

Matenda akulu omwe angakhudze mitsempha yamkati ndi yakunja ya saphenous ndi mitsempha ya varicose. M'malo mwake, zovuta izi zimakhudza, nthawi zambiri, mitsempha iwiri yangwiro yomwe imakwera mwendo. Mitsempha ya varicose imayambitsidwa ndi mavavu omwe amatuluka.

Kodi mitsempha ya varicose ndi chiyani? 

Mitsempha yamitsempha yamitsempha ikatuluka, izi zimayambitsa kukhathamira kwa mitsempha, yomwe imayamba kusokonekera: amatchedwa mitsempha ya varicose, kapena mitsempha ya varicose. Mitsempha ya varicose imatha kupezeka paliponse mthupi. Koma makamaka, zimakhudza mitsempha yapamtunda ya miyendo yakumunsi (imakhalanso pafupipafupi m'mimba ndi ngalande yamkati).

Mitsempha ya varicose yamitsempha yamafuta imatha kubweretsa zovuta zodzikongoletsera, kapena kuyambitsa mavuto akulu azachipatala. Mavavu akatuluka, magazi amatuluka kuchokera m'mitsempha yakuya kupita kumtunda, womwe umachita bwino pang'ono ndipo magazi amasonkhana pamenepo. 

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukanika kwa valavu zitha kukhala motere:

• chiyambi kobadwa nako;
• Kupanikizika kwamakina (kuyimirira kwakanthawi kapena kutenga pakati), ntchito zina zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu (mwachitsanzo oseta tsitsi kapena ogulitsa);
• kukalamba.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala yochizira mitsempha ya varicose yamitsempha ya saphenous:

• Kuponderezana: kuvala mitsempha ya varicose (kapena kuponderezana) nthawi zina amafotokozedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa, kapena omwe mankhwala ena sakulimbikitsidwa;
• Sclerosis: imachitika pobaya mitsempha ya varicose ndi yankho lomwe limayambitsa kutupa ndi magazi. Dera likachira, limapanga chilonda chomwe chingatseke mitsempha;
• Radiofrequency: kutsekedwa kwamkati mwa ma radiofrequency kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yama radiofrequency kuti utenthe mitsempha ya varicose ndikutseka;
• Laser: kutsekedwa kwa laser kumakhala kugwiritsa ntchito laser iyi kutseka mitsempha;
• Mzere: uku ndi opaleshoni. Zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa ndodo yosinthasintha mumtambo wa varicose, kenako ndikuchotsa pochotsa mtsempha. Chifukwa chake cholinga chake ndi kuchotsa mwachindunji mitsempha ya varicose, komanso mitsempha yotumphukira yamatenda.

Kulephera kwaposachedwa kumakhudza pakati pa 11 ndi 24% ya anthu m'maiko otukuka motsutsana ndi 5% yokha ku Africa ndi 1% ku India. Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti zimakhudza azimayi atatu amwamuna m'modzi. Wodwalayo amafunsira kwa asing'anga, chifukwa cha chizindikiritso, chikhumbo chokongola kapena mitsempha ya varicose, makamaka edema. M'malo mwake, 70% ya odwala omwe amafunsira kwa nthawi yoyamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa venous amayamba kudwala ndi miyendo yawo (malinga ndi kafukufuku waku France yemwe adachitika kwa odwala opitilira 3 pafupifupi zaka 500).

Kuyezetsa magazi

Kufunsa kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti wodwalayo adziwe momwe angathandizire, chifuwa chake, mbiri yake yazachipatala makamaka opaleshoni, kapena zophulika ndi pulasitala, ndipo pamapeto pake mbiri ya matenda a thromboembolic, mwa iye kapena m'banja lake.

Kuphatikiza apo, dotolo wamkulu awunika zomwe zimaika pachiwopsezo cha kusakwanira kwamatenda, kuphatikiza:

• cholowa;
• zaka;
• chikhalidwe;
• chiwerengero cha mimba kwa mkazi;
• kulemera ndi kutalika;
• kusagwira ntchito;
• zolimbitsa thupi.

Kufufuza kozama kwachipatala

Zimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana wodwala yemwe wayimirira pakhwerero la phlebology. Miyendo yake yakumunsi imakhala yopanda pake, popanda bandeji kapena choletsa.

Mayeso akuyenda bwanji?

Kuwunikaku kumachitika kuyambira pansi, kuyambira kumapazi mpaka m'chiuno, chiwalo chilichonse pambuyo pathupi. Wodwala ayenera kutembenuka. Kuwunikaku kumapitilizidwa ndi wodwalayo atagona, nthawi ino patebulopo (kuyatsa kuyenera kukhala kwabwino). Ndikofunikiratu kuwoneka bwino zombozo. Izi zikulimbikira pamwamba pa mwendo komanso pansi pa ntchafu chifukwa mitsempha yoyamba yowonekera, makamaka, imakhala yoyamba pamlingo wa bondo. Ndiye ultrasound ingawoneke ngati yofunikira.

Ndikofunikanso kuti dokotala adziwe kuti ndibwino, patsogolo pa mitsempha yofunikira ya varicose, kuti ayang'ane zinthu zomwe zitha kuyambitsa zilonda zam'mimba.

Zowopsa izi ndi izi:

• kunenepa kwambiri;
• dorsiflexion yamagulu ochepa;
• fodya;
• gawo la thrombosis yakuya;
• corona phlebectatica (kapena kuchepa kwa mitsempha yaying'ono m'munsi mwa phazi);
• kusintha pakhungu la mwendo (monga kupezeka kwa chikanga).

Mbiri yokhudzana ndi magazi imakhala ndi zambiri kwa wasayansi wazaka XNUMXth^e M'zaka za zana William Harvey, yemwe adazipezadi. Koma, monga kupezeka kulikonse kwasayansi, zimakhazikitsidwa ndi chidziwitso chomwe chapezeka, chofunsidwa, chopezedwa pazaka zambiri.

Choyimira choyambirira chopezeka pamtima ndiye chojambula pamiyala kuyambira nthawi ya Magdalenian (pafupifupi - 18 mpaka - 000 zaka BC), kuphanga la El Pindal (Asturias): inde, mtima ulipo. utoto wa mammoth ngati chigamba chofiira chokhala ndimtima wamakhadi osewerera. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Asuri adzati nzeru ndi kukumbukira pamtima. Kenako, mu 12 BC, ku Egypt wakale, kugunda kwake kunali kofala. Mtimawo umafotokozedwa ngati likulu la zotengera.

Hippocrates (460 - 377 BC) adalongosola molondola mtima. Maganizo ake okhudzana ndi thupi anali olakwika: kwa iye, atria imakopa mpweya, mpweya wabwino umakankhira magazi m'mitsempha yam'mapapo kuti izidyetsa mapapo, ventricle yakumanzere ili ndi mpweya wokha. Pambuyo pa malingaliro angapo otsatizana, kudzafunika kuyembekezera XVI^e zana, ku Italy, kuti André Césalpin akhale woyamba kuzindikira kuzungulira kwa magazi. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, kusuntha kwa magazi kumaganiziridwa ngati kuchepa ndi kuyenda. Ndi Césalpin amene amakhulupirira kuti kufalitsa magazi, komwe ndi woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawuwa.

Pomaliza, William Harvey (1578-1657) ndi ntchito yake Kafukufuku wamatenda a kuyenda kwa mtima ndi magazi munyama idzasinthiratu chiphunzitso chakuyenda kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake analemba kuti:Kulikonse komwe kuli magazi, mayendedwe ake amakhalabe ofanana, m'mitsempha kapena m'mitsempha. Kuchokera ku arterioles, madzimadzi amapitilira m'mitsempha ya parenchyma, ndipo mphamvu yamtima ndiyokwanira kukwaniritsa kusinthaku.»

Kuphatikiza apo, Harvey akuwonetsa kuti ma valve amitsempha ali ndi ntchito yothandizira kubwerera kwa magazi pamtima. Lingaliro losinthirali limatsutsana ndi otsutsa oopsa. Komabe, a Louis XIV adakwanitsa kuikakamiza makamaka kudzera mwa womuimira dokotala wake wamankhwala Dionis.