Nsomba za Shamaika (nsomba zachifumu): kufotokozera, momwe zimawonekera, kugwira, chindapusa

Shamayka kapena shemaya ndi woimira wowala wa mabeseni a Azov ndi Black Seas. Nsomba iyi ndi yokoma kwambiri, kotero kwa nthawi yayitali idagwidwa mochuluka, ndi asodzi am'deralo komanso alendo.

Kugwidwa kosalamulirika kotereku kwa nsombayi kunapangitsa kuti pofika 2006-2007 chiwerengero cha nsombazi chidachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo zinali zosatheka kukumana nazo pamalo omwe amakhala. Chifukwa chake, shamayka adalembedwa mu Red Book. Ngakhale kuti lamuloli lateteza, opha nsomba ndi asodzi a m’derali akupitirizabe kusodza nsomba zachilendo komanso zokomazi.

N’chifukwa chiyani shamayka ankatchedwa “nsomba zachifumu”?

Nsombazo ndi za banja la mitundu ya nsomba za carp, zimakhala ndi makhalidwe angapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzisiyanitsa ndi achibale ake. Kuti mumvetse momwe zimasiyanirana ndi oimira ena a banja la carp, muyenera kumvetsera mbali zina. Mwachitsanzo:

1. Kukula kwa anthu ndi kulemera kwawo kumadalira malo okhala: Black Sea shamayka ndi yaikulu poyerekeza ndi Caspian. M'malo ake achilengedwe, imatha kukula mpaka 30 cm m'litali ndikulemera mpaka 900 magalamu. Monga lamulo, anthu amakumana ndi zolemera zosaposa 300 g. Anthu akuluakulu amatengedwa kale ngati zitsanzo za trophy.
2. Thupi la shamayka limasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe aatali, otalikirana, omwe si achikhalidwe cha banja la nsomba za carp. Amakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi utoto wa silvery.
3. M'munsi nsagwada penapake wandiweyani ndi kukankhira patsogolo, zomwe zimasonyeza kusiyana kwambiri pakati oimira banja cyprinids.
4. Mutu, nthawi yomweyo, poyerekezera ndi thupi ndi laling'ono kukula ndi utoto mu mdima, ndi khalidwe bluish kulocha, mtundu.
5. Kumbuyo kwa shamayka kuli ndi imvi, ndipo mimba yake imakhala yowala kwambiri, yonyezimira yasiliva.
6. Zipsepse za nsomba imeneyi ndi zotuwa. Pamphuno ndi pamphuno pali malire ang'onoang'ono, opaka utoto wakuda.
7. Maso a shamayka ndi amtundu wa silvery, ndipo kumtunda kwawo kuli kadontho kakang'ono kakuda.

Habitat

Malo omwe shamayka amapezeka akhoza kulembedwa pa zala.

Ndizowona kukumana naye:

• M'mitsinje yomwe imapita ku Black, Azov kapena Caspian Sea. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, Shamayka ndi nthumwi yodziwika bwino ya mabeseni a Black ndi Caspian Sea. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sichikwera pamwamba pa madzi, koma imakonda kukhala pafupi ndi mabeseni a nyanja.
• Ku Nyanja ya Aral, komwe kumakhala anthu ambiri a shamayka.
• M'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi Azov.
• Kuban, komwe imalowa mu Nyanja ya uXNUMXbuXNUMXbAzov, ndipo mtundu uwu umapezekanso m'madzi a Don.
• Pakamwa pa mitsinje ya Terek ndi Kura.
• Mu Black Sea, ngakhale chiwerengero cha anthu pano ndi chochepa. Kuchokera ku Black Sea, shamayka imasuntha mosavuta kupita ku mitsinje ya Dnieper ndi Dniester, kumene n'zothekanso kukumana ndi nsomba yapaderayi.
• M'madera a mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, anthu ochepa kwambiri amapezeka. Monga lamulo, awa ndi Mtsinje wa Danube ndi malo ena a Bavaria.

Moyo: zakudya ndi kubereka

Khalidwe la shamayka mwachindunji limadalira malo okhala, omwe ali chifukwa cha malo onse komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya. Mwachitsanzo:

• Pa gawo la Russia, sichimatuluka m'madzi a m'nyanja. Amawasiya pokhapokha panthawi yoberekera, ndiyeno, samakwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi panopa.
• Shamayka, wokhala m'malo osungiramo madzi a Bavaria, amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madamu omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi madzi oyera ndipo amakhala ndi miyala pansi pamiyala. Izi ndichifukwa choti nsomba iyi imakonda kukhala m'madziwe okhala ndi madzi oyera opangidwa ndi okosijeni.
• Pafupifupi anthu onse a shamayka amakonda mabwato amadzi othamanga kwambiri. Pankhani imeneyi, sangapezeke mu mitsinje ikuluikulu monga Volga. Mu Dnieper, amapezeka, koma pang'ono. Iye ndi oyenera mitsinje monga Kuban kapena Terek. Kuno anthu a shamayka ndi ochuluka zedi.

Shamaika ndi omnivore, ngakhale si nsomba yaikulu, yolusa kwambiri kuposa yamtendere. Maziko a zakudya zake akuphatikizapo plankton, komanso mitundu yonse ya tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, kuphatikizapo crustaceans. Anthu akuluakulu amatha kusaka mwachangu. Choncho, anthu achikulire ayenera kuonedwa ngati olusa. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku njira yoberekera, yomwe ili ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo:

• Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri za moyo, shamayka yakonzeka kale kubereka.
• Kuswana kumachitika m'madzi ofunda, omwe amasuntha kuchokera kunyanja kupita ku mitsinje.
• Kubereketsa kumachitika usiku kokha.
• Malo oberekera ndi ming'alu, pomwe pali mafunde othamanga, ndipo pansi m'malo awa amakutidwa ndi miyala kapena miyala.
• Pambuyo pa kuswana, nsombazo zimapita kumalo omwe amakhala nthawi zonse, ndipo patatha masiku 3-4 zimayamba mwachangu.
• Kwa chaka chimodzi atabadwa, shamayka wamng'ono amakonda kukhala m'mitsinje. Pambuyo pa chaka cha 1, "kanthu kakang'ono" kamene kamasunthira kunyanja, kumene kukula kwake kumafulumizitsa kwambiri.

Kugwira shamiki

Popeza shamayka ndi nsomba yolusa, ndiye kuti muyenera kusankha nyambo yoyenera. Mukakawedza, ndi bwino kusungirako mitundu ingapo ya nyambo ndikusankha zokopa kwambiri. Popeza akuluakulu amakonda zakudya zochokera ku nyama, ndi bwino kutenga nyambo za nyama kuti muzidula anthu ang'onoang'ono.

Kwenikweni, pogwira shamayka, asodzi amagwiritsa ntchito:

• Motil.
• Earthworms kapena Earthworms.
• Mphutsi.
• Ziwala.
• Mphutsi zosiyanasiyana tizilombo.
• Ng'ombe zazing'ono.

Shamayka samadutsa nyambo makamaka ndipo akachita zinazake amachita mofanana ndi zonsezi. Ambiri amanyambo nyambo zosiyanasiyana pa mbedza nthawi imodzi. Chotsatira chake ndi chotchedwa sandwich, chomwe chimawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu ya nsomba.

Pochita izi, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa kuzinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kuluma kogwira kwa shamayka kumayambira pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Epulo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusankha malo odalirika kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Amasodza kwambiri ndi ndodo wamba yoyandama pama waya, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito kupota kumabala zipatso.
• Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito, ndi bwino kudyetsa malo osodza. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yosangalalira nsomba ndikuzisunga pamalo opha nsomba. Nyambo imakonzedwa pamaziko a madzi ochokera m'malo osungiramo momwe nsomba zimagwirira ntchito. Pokonzekera nyambo, grits ya chimanga, keke, chimanga chilichonse kapena chinangwa ndi choyenera. Tisaiwale za nyambo zogulidwa m'sitolo, ngakhale njira iyi idzawononga ndalama zochulukirapo.
• Musanayambe kusodza, muyenera kudziwa komwe nsombayo ili. Kwenikweni, amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi pansi, koma nthawi zina amakwera pafupi ndi pamwamba.
• Anthu akuluakulu samakwera pafupi ndi 1 mita pamwamba pa madzi. Mukagwira zitsanzo za trophy, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Koma, shamayka yaying'ono, imatha kupezeka pamtunda.
• Kwa usodzi, chingwe chausodzi chokhala ndi makulidwe a 0,2-0,4 mm, okhala ndi leash yaying'ono, ndi yoyenera. Ngati malo osodza ali oyera, opanda zodabwitsa pansi pa madzi, ndiye kuti leash ikhoza kusiyidwa.
• Chingwecho chimasankhidwa osati kuposa nambala 6.
• Shamaika amaluma mwamphamvu komanso nthawi zambiri, zomwe sizingathe koma kukondweretsa ng'ombe. Komabe, choyandamacho sichimamira m'madzi kawirikawiri. Simungathe kuchedwetsa mbedza, apo ayi nsomba imatha kumva kukana ndikukana kulumidwa kwina. Kuluma koyamba kuyenera kutsagana ndi mbedza.

Malipiro

Popeza shamayka yalembedwa mu Red Book, pali zoletsa ndi zilango kuti agwire izo. Mwachitsanzo:

1. Kupha nsomba, makamaka zochulukira, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde, sikungaphatikizepo kuwongolera, koma chilango chaupandu. Pachifukwa ichi, munthu ayenera kuyembekezera kulandira nthawi yoyimitsidwa kapena yokhazikika m'ndende.
2. Kugwira anthu ndi nzika wamba kumaphatikizapo kuperekedwa kwa chindapusa cha 2 mpaka 5 rubles. Kuchuluka kwa chindapusacho kumadalira kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zagwidwa. Ngati akazi alipo mu nsomba, ndiye kuti chindapusa chenichenicho chikhoza kuwirikiza kawiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa chindapusa kumawonjezeka chaka chilichonse.
3. Pankhani ya kulanda zitsanzo limodzi ndi akuluakulu, chindapusa chikhoza kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 rubles. Mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo chingakhalepo pamene wochita bizinesi wa Krasnodar adapezeka kuti ali ndi shamaika ndipo adalipira ndalama zambiri kuposa chiwerengero chowonetsedwa.

Kutsiliza

Nsomba za shamayka zinatchedwa "nsomba zachifumu" chifukwa nyama yake ndi yokoma modabwitsa. Kupha nsomba sikugwirizana ndi zovuta zilizonse. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, munthu ayenera kuganizira kuti nsomba yokomayi yatha chifukwa cha kusodza kosalamulirika. Chifukwa chake, pamalamulo, adaganiza zochepetsera nsomba za Shamaika kuti achulukitse anthu. Kuphwanya lamulo kudzatsogolera ku kuperekedwa kwa chindapusa, ndipo nthawi zina, kundende yeniyeni. Chifukwa chake, mukawedza, muyenera kuganizira ngati nsomba yaying'ono iyi ndiyoyenera kulipira mtengo wokwera chotere.