Matumbo ang'ono (kuchokera ku Latin intestinum, kuchokera m'matumbo, kutanthauza "mkati") ndi chiwalo chazakudya.

Chaka Chakaayi. 5 mpaka 7 mita kutalika ndi 3 cm m'mimba mwake, matumbo ang'onoang'ono amatsata m'mimba ndipo amatambasulidwa ndi matumbo akulu (1).

kapangidwe. Matumbo aang'ono amapangidwa ndi magawo atatu (1) (2):

• Duodenum ili pakati pa pylorus ya m'mimba ndi duodeno-jejunal angle. Wopangidwa ndi C komanso wokhazikika, amapanga gawo lokhazikika lamatumbo ang'ono. Mipata yotuluka kunja kwa kapamba ndi minyewa ya bile imafika pagawoli.
• Jejunum imayambira pambali ya duodeno-jejunal ndipo imafikira mpaka ileamu. Amakhala ndi leamu, gawo lalikulu la m'mimba.
• Ileamu imatsata jejunum ndipo imafikira ku valavu ya ileocecal, yotsogolera m'matumbo akulu. Ileamu ndi jejunum zimapanga gawo loyenda lamatumbo ang'onoang'ono.

Wall. Utumbo waung'ono umapangidwa ndi ma envulopu 4 (1):

• Kakhungu kamene kamakhala mkati mwake kamakhala ndi zopangitsa zambiri, zoteteza makamaka mamina oteteza.
• Submucosa ndiye gawo lapakatikati lopangidwa makamaka ndi zotengera ndi mitsempha.
• Muscularis ndi gawo lakunja lopangidwa ndi ulusi wa minofu.
• Kakhungu kameneka, kapena peritoneum, ndi envelopu yolumikizira khoma lakunja la m'mimba.

chimbudzi. Kugaya kumachitika makamaka m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, makamaka makamaka mu duodenum kudzera m'matumbo am'mimba ndi bile acid. Ma enzyme am'mimba amachokera m'mapiko kudzera m'mitsempha yopopera, pomwe bile acid amachokera pachiwindi kudzera m'matope a bile (3). Mavitamini a m'mimba ndi bile acid amasintha chyme, madzi omwe amakhala ndi zakudya zomwe zimadyetsedwa m'madzi m'mimba, kukhala chyle, madzi omveka bwino okhala ndi ulusi wazakudya, chakudya chambiri, mamolekyulu osavuta, komanso michere (4).

Kusankha. Pazochita zake, thupi limatenga zinthu zina monga chakudya, mafuta, mapuloteni, ma electrolyte, mavitamini, komanso madzi (5). Kuyamwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimagayidwa m'mimba kumachitika makamaka m'matumbo aang'ono, makamaka mu duodenum ndi jejunum.

Kuteteza m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Matumbo ang'onoang'ono amadzitchinjiriza motsutsana ndi ziwopsezo zamankhwala ndi makina potulutsa mamina, kuteteza nembanemba (3). Matumbo ang'onoang'ono amatetezedwa ku kuipitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya m'matumbo akulu chifukwa cha valavu ya ileocecal.

Matenda opatsirana otupa. Matendawa amafanana ndi kutukusira kwa gawo lam'magazi, monga matenda a Crohn. Zizindikiro zake zimapweteka kwambiri m'mimba komanso kutsegula m'mimba (6).

Matenda owopsa a m'mimba. Izi matenda kumaonekera ndi hypersensitivity khoma matumbo ndi kusakhazikika mu contractions minofu. Imawonekera kudzera pazizindikiro zosiyanasiyana monga kutsegula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, kapena kupweteka m'mimba. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizidziwikabe mpaka pano.

Bowel zotchinga. Ikuwonetsa kuyimitsidwa kwa kagwiridwe kake ka ntchito, kuyambitsa kupweteka kwambiri ndikusanza. Kutsekeka kwa m'matumbo kumatha kukhala kochokera pamakina pomwe pali chopinga panthawi yamaulendo (ma gallstones, zotupa, ndi zina zambiri) koma amathanso kukhala mankhwala chifukwa cholumikizidwa ndi matenda amtundu wapafupi, mwachitsanzo nthawi ya peritonitis.

Chilonda chachikulu. Matendawa amafanana ndi mapangidwe a bala lalikulu m'mimba kapena la duodenum. Matenda a zilonda zam'mimba nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kukula kwa bakiteriya koma amathanso kuchitika akamamwa mankhwala ena (7). 

Chithandizo cha mankhwala. Kutengera matenda omwe amapezeka, mankhwala ena amatha kuperekedwa ngati mankhwala oletsa kutupa kapena ma analgesics.

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Kutengera matenda ndi kusintha kwake, njira zopangira opaleshoni zitha kuchitidwa.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Kuyamba kwa ululu kumayamba ndikuwunika kwakuthupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso ndikuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka.

Kufufuza kwachilengedwe. Mayeso amwazi ndi chopondapo atha kuchitidwa kuti atsimikizire matenda.

Kuyesa kuyerekezera kwachipatala. Kutengera matenda omwe akukayikiridwa kapena kutsimikiziridwa, mayeso owonjezera atha kuchitidwa monga ultrasound, CT scan kapena MRI.

Kufufuza kwa Endoscopic. Endoscopy itha kuchitidwa kuti muphunzire makoma amatumbo ang'onoang'ono.

Mu 2010, ofufuza ochokera ku Inserm ku Nantes adafalitsa zotsatira zawo pazotsatira za matenda a Parkinson pama neuron am'magazini asayansi ya Plos One. Awonetsa kuti zotupa za matenda a Parkinson zimakhudza osati ma cell amkati mwamanjenje, komanso ziwalo zamanjenje za enteric, makamaka ndendende zam'mimba. Kupeza kumeneku kungapangitse kuti munthu adziwe matenda a Parkinson (8).