Pazaka zapitazi za 15-20, soya ndi zogulitsa zatenga msika, ndipo nazo mimba zathu. Odya zamasamba amakonda kwambiri soya. Koma ali bwino? Magazini ovomerezeka a ku America akuti “Ecologist” (The Ecologist) posachedwapa anaika nkhani yotsutsa kwambiri ponena za soya.
“Zikumveka ngati mpatuko m’dziko lathu lodzala ndi soya,” inalemba motero The Ecologist, “koma timatsutsabe kuti mukhoza kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi popanda soya aliyense. Komabe, poganizira momwe soya wakhala gawo lazakudya zathu, zidzatengera kuyesetsa kwa Herculean kuti athetse.
Kumbali ina, Asia portal Asia One, posankhidwa pansi pa mutu wolonjeza "Idyani Bwino, Khalani Bwino", kudzera m'kamwa mwa "katswiri wamkulu wa zakudya" Sherlyn Quek (Sherlyn Quek), amatamanda soya monga "chakudya chowunikira"; malinga ndi Madame Kiek, soya sangapereke chakudya chokoma komanso chathanzi, komanso "kupewa khansa ya m'mawere", ngakhale ndi chenjezo: ngati akuphatikizidwa muzakudya kuyambira ali wamng'ono.
Nkhani yathu ikukamba za soya ndipo imadzutsa mafunso awiri kwa owerenga nthawi imodzi: zothandiza (kapena zovulaza) ndi soya komanso zothandiza (kapena zovulaza) kusintha kwake kwa majini.?
Mawu oti "soya" lero akuwoneka kuti amamveka ndi mmodzi mwa atatu. Ndipo soya nthawi zambiri amawonekera pamaso pa munthu wamba mosiyana kwambiri - kuchokera ku mapuloteni abwino kwambiri olowa m'malo mwa "nyama" zomwe zatha komanso njira yosungira kukongola kwa akazi ndi thanzi mpaka chinthu chobisika chomwe chimavulaza aliyense, makamaka kwa mwamuna mbali ya dziko, ngakhale nthawi zina kwa akazi.
Chifukwa chiyani kubalalika koteroko mu makhalidwe a katundu wa kutali kwambiri zosowa chomera? Tiyeni tiyese kuzilingalira.
Poyamba, mawu ochepa ayenera kunenedwa za zomwe soya ali mu mawonekedwe ake oyambirira. Choyamba, soya si mankhwala ochepetsa thupi, ma dumplings otsika mtengo kapena choloweza m'malo mkaka, koma nyemba zodziwika bwino, zomwe dziko lawo ndi East Asia. Adakula kuno kwazaka masauzande angapo, koma nyemba "zidafika" ku Europe kumapeto kwa XNUMX - koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Ndi kuchedwa pang'ono, kutsatira Europe, soya anafesedwa ku America ndi Russia. Sizinatenge nthawi kuti soya ayambe kupangidwa mosavuta.
Ndipo izi sizodabwitsa: soya ndi chakudya cham'mera chokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Zakudya zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku soya, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulemeretsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Chinthu chodziwika bwino ku Japan chotchedwa "tofu" sichake koma chimango cha nyemba, chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku mkaka wa soya. Tofu wasonyezedwa kuti ali ndi ubwino wambiri wathanzi, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa mafuta a kolesterolini m'magazi ndi kupewa kufooketsa mafupa. Tofu amatetezanso thupi ku dioxin motero amachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa. Ndipo ichi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chabe cha katundu wa soya.
Tinganene kuti soya, komwe tofu amapangidwa, alinso ndi makhalidwe onsewa. Zowonadi, malinga ndi malingaliro apano, soya ali ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la munthu: isoflavones, genistin, phytic acid, soya lecithin. Isoflavones ikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati antioxidant yachilengedwe, yomwe, malinga ndi madokotala, imawonjezera mphamvu ya mafupa, imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa thanzi la amayi. Ma Isoflavones amachita ngati ma estrogens achilengedwe ndipo amachepetsa kusapeza bwino panthawi yosiya kusamba.
Genistin ndi chinthu chomwe chingalepheretse kukula kwa khansa kumayambiriro, ndi phytic acids, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa zotupa za khansa.
Soy lecithin imathandiza kwambiri thupi lonse. Zotsutsana zokomera soya zimathandizidwa ndi mkangano wolemetsa: kwa zaka zambiri soya yakhala gawo lofunikira pazakudya za ana ndi akulu a anthu a Land of the Rising Sun, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti alibe zotsatira zoyipa. M'malo mwake, a ku Japan akuwoneka kuti akuwonetsa zizindikiro za thanzi labwino. Koma osati ku Japan kokha kumadya soya nthawi zonse, komanso China ndi Korea. M'mayiko onsewa, soya ali ndi mbiri ya zaka chikwi.
Komabe, modabwitsa, pali malingaliro osiyana kwambiri okhudzana ndi soya, omwe amathandizidwanso ndi kafukufuku. Malinga ndi malingaliro awa, zinthu zingapo za soya, kuphatikiza zomwe zili pamwambazi isoflavonoids, komanso ma phytic acid ndi soya lecithin, zimawononga kwambiri thanzi la munthu. Kuti mumvetse nkhaniyi, muyenera kuyang'ana mikangano ya otsutsa a soya.
Malinga ndi contra camp, isoflavones imakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa ntchito yobereka ya anthu. Ndizofala kwambiri - kudyetsa makanda m'malo mwa chakudya cha ana chokhazikika ndi analogi ya soya (chifukwa cha ziwengo) - zimatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti isoflavonoids yofanana ndi mapiritsi asanu olerera amalowa m'thupi la mwanayo tsiku lililonse. Ponena za phytic acid, zinthu zotere zimapezeka pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nyemba. Mu soya, mlingo wa chinthu ichi ndi penapake overestimated poyerekeza ndi zomera zina za m'banja.
Phytic acids, komanso zinthu zina zingapo za soya (soya lecithin, genistin), zimalepheretsa kulowa m'thupi la zinthu zothandiza, makamaka magnesia, calcium, iron ndi zinki.zomwe pamapeto pake zimatha kuyambitsa matenda osteoporosis. Ku Asia, komwe kunabadwira soya, kufooka kwa mafupa kumapewa kudya, pamodzi ndi nyemba zatsoka, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zam'madzi ndi masamba. Koma kwambiri, "zoopsa za soya" zimatha kukhudza mwachindunji ziwalo zamkati ndi maselo a thupi la munthu, kuziwononga ndi kuzisintha.
Komabe, mfundo zina ndi zomveka komanso zosangalatsa. Ku Asia, soya sagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka monga momwe zingawonekere. Malinga ndi zolemba zakale, soya ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chakudya m'mayiko a ku Asia, makamaka ndi anthu osauka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukonzekera soya kunali kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumaphatikizapo kuwira kwautali kwambiri ndi kuphika kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuphika kumeneku kudzera mu “kuwotchera kwachikale” kunapangitsa kuti zithetse poizoni zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa.
Odyera zamasamba ku US ndi Europe, osaganizira zotsatira zake, amadya pafupifupi 200 magalamu a tofu ndi magalasi angapo a mkaka wa soya 2-3 pa sabata., yomwe imaposa kudya kwa soya m'mayiko a ku Asia, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono osati monga chakudya chokhazikika, koma monga chakudya chowonjezera kapena chokoma.
Ngakhale titataya mfundo zonsezi ndikuganiza kuti soya sichivulaza thupi, pali chinthu china chomwe chimakhala chovuta kukana: pafupifupi mankhwala onse a soya masiku ano amapangidwa kuchokera ku soya wosinthidwa chibadwa. Ngati lero munthu wachitatu aliyense adamva za soya, ndiye kuti mwina munthu wachiwiri aliyense adamvapo za zakudya zosinthidwa ma genetic ndi zamoyo.
Nthawi zambiri, zakudya za transgenic kapena genetically modified (GM) ndi zakudya zomwe zimachokera makamaka kuchokera ku zomera zomwe zalowetsedwa mu DNA ya jini ina yomwe siinaperekedwe ku chomeracho. Izi zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, kuti ng'ombe zipereke mkaka wonenepa kwambiri, ndipo zomera zimagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ophera udzu ndi tizilombo. Izi ndi zomwe zidachitika ndi soya. Mu 1995, kampani ya US Monsanto inayambitsa soya ya GM yomwe inali yolimbana ndi herbicide glyphosate, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa udzu. Soya watsopanoyo anali wokoma: lero zokolola zoposa 90% ndizosasintha.
Ku Russia, monga m'mayiko ambiri, kufesa soya GM ndikoletsedwa, komabe, monganso, m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, akhoza kutumizidwa kwaulere. Zakudya zambiri zotsika mtengo m'masitolo akuluakulu, kuchokera ku ma burgers omwe amaoneka ngati kuthirira m'kamwa mpaka nthawi zina zakudya za ana, zimakhala ndi soya wa GM. Malinga ndi malamulowa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa pamapaketi ngati mankhwalawo ali ndi ma transgenes kapena ayi. Tsopano ikukhala yapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa opanga: mankhwala ali odzaza ndi zolemba "Mulibe GMOs" (zinthu zosinthidwa chibadwa).
Zoonadi, nyama ya soya yofanana ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa yachilengedwe, ndipo kwa wodya zamasamba wachangu nthawi zambiri ndi mphatso, koma kupezeka kwa ma GMO muzinthu sikulandiridwa - sizopanda pake kuti kukana kapena kukhala chete pa kukhalapo kwa transgenes. mu mankhwala enaake amalangidwa ndi lamulo. Ponena za soya, bungwe la Russian National Association for Genetic Safety lidachita maphunziro, zomwe zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kugwirizana bwino pakati pa kudya soya wa GM ndi zamoyo ndi thanzi la ana awo. Ana a makoswe odyetsedwa ndi soya wa transgenic anali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufa, komanso kukhala ochepa kwambiri komanso ofooka. Mwachidule, chiyembekezo sichili chowala kwambiri.
Ponena za zopindulitsa zakuthupi, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti opanga soya ambiri, makamaka opanga soya a GM, amaziyika ngati chinthu chathanzi kwambiri, nthawi zambiri - osati zovulaza. N’zachidziŵikire kuti, ngakhale zivute zitani, kupanga kwakukulu koteroko kumabweretsa ndalama zabwino.
Kudya kapena kusadya soya - aliyense amasankha yekha. Soya, mosakayika, ili ndi zinthu zingapo zabwino, koma mbali zoyipa, mwatsoka, m'malo mwake zimadutsa mikhalidwe iyi. Zikuwoneka kuti magulu omenyanawo amatha kutchula mitundu yonse ya ubwino ndi kuipa, koma munthu ayenera kudalira zenizeni.
Nyemba za soya m’mawonekedwe ake oyambilira siziyenera kudyedwa ndi anthu. Izi zimatipangitsa kuganiza (mwina molimba mtima) kuti chomerachi sichinapangidwe mwachilengedwe kuti chidyedwe ndi anthu. Nyemba za soya zimafunikira kukonzedwa mwapadera, zomwe pamapeto pake zimasandutsa chakudya.
Mfundo ina: soya muli angapo poizoni. Kapangidwe ka soya kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi komwe kukugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. Zomwe zimatchedwa zowawa zachikhalidwe sizinali zovuta kwambiri, komanso zidasokoneza poizoni zomwe zili mu soya. Pomaliza, chomaliza, chomwe sichingatsutsidwe: zopitilira 90% za soya masiku ano amapangidwa kuchokera ku soya wosinthidwa chibadwa. Izi siziyenera kuiwala mukamagwiritsa ntchito soya muzakudya kapena posankha sitolo yotsatira pakati pa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mnzake wa soya yemwe nthawi zambiri amakhala wotsika mtengo. Kupatula apo, lamulo lodziwikiratu la kudya kopatsa thanzi ndikudya zakudya zambiri zachilengedwe, zosakonzedwa momwe zingathere.
Source: SoyOnline GM Soy Debate