Zamkatimu
Zonse zokhudza sturgeon: njira zophera nsomba, nyambo, kuswana ndi malo okhala
Mitundu ya sturgeon yalembedwa mu Red Book (IUCN-96 Red List, Appendix 2 ya CITES) ndipo ili m'gulu loyamba lazosowa - mitundu yosiyana ya mitundu yofalikira yomwe ili pangozi.
Chonde dziwani kuti nsomba za sturgeon zimatha kugwidwa m'madzi olipidwa.
Sturgeons ndi mtundu wochuluka wa nsomba za semi-anadromous ndi anadromous. Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zakalezi zimatha kukula kwambiri, kutalika kwa 6 m komanso kulemera kopitilira 800 kg. Maonekedwe a sturgeon ndi osaiwalika ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Thupi la nsombayo lili ndi mizere ya mabala. Malingana ndi zizindikiro zakunja, sturgeons ndi ofanana wina ndi mzake. Mwa mitundu khumi ndi imodzi yomwe ikukhala ku Russia, imatha kusiyanitsa sterlet (nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kukula kwake "kang'ono", pafupifupi 1-2 kg) ndi Amur kaluga (imatha kulemera mpaka tani 1).
M'madera ena, nsomba zotchedwa paddlefish, zomwe si "zako" za m'madzi a Russia. Amakhalanso m'gulu la sturgeon, koma amakhala m'banja losiyana. Mitundu yambiri imadziwika ndi zovuta za intraspecific (monga nsomba za salimoni); kuwoneka kwamitundu yocheperako komanso yosakhazikika yomwe imatenga nawo gawo pakuswana ndi nsomba za anadromous; kuswana kwapachaka ndi zina zotero. Mitundu ina imatha kupanga mitundu yosakanizidwa, mwachitsanzo, sturgeon yaku Siberia imasakanizidwa ndi sterlet, ndipo wosakanizidwayo amatchedwa kostyr. Sturgeon yaku Russia imasakanizidwanso ndi spike, beluga, stellate sturgeon. Mitundu yambiri yogwirizana kwambiri, koma yokhala kutali kwambiri ndi inzake, imatha kukhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa majini.
Njira zophera nsomba za sturgeon
Ma sturgeon onse ndi nsomba za demersal zokha. M'munsi malo pakamwa amaonetsa njira yawo yodyera. Ma sturgeon ambiri amakhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Kusodza kosangalatsa m'madzi ambiri achilengedwe ndikoletsedwa kapena kumayendetsedwa mosamalitsa. Pamalo osungira anthu, nsomba za sturgeon zitha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapansi ndi zoyandama, pokhapokha nyamboyo ili pansi pa dziwe. Ena amasodza nsomba zopota. Ndikoyenera kukambirana ndi mwiniwake wa malo osungiramo madzi pasadakhale momwe nsomba zimachitikira. Mukawedza nsomba ndi kumasula, mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito mbedza zaminga. M'dzinja ndi masika, pamadzi "akuthengo", sturgeon imathanso kujowina jig ndi nyambo zina zopota.
Kugwira sturgeon pa gear pansi
Musanapite kumalo osungiramo nsomba zomwe zimapezeka nsomba, fufuzani malamulo opha nsomba. Kupha nsomba m'mafamu a nsomba kumayendetsedwa ndi eni ake. Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo zilizonse zapansi ndi zokhwasula-khwasula zimaloledwa. Musanasodze, fufuzani kukula kwa zikho zotheka ndi nyambo yovomerezeka kuti mudziwe mphamvu ya mzere ndi kukula kwa mbedza. Chothandizira chofunikira kwambiri pogwira sturgeon chiyenera kukhala ukonde waukulu wotera. Usodzi wodyetsera ndi wotolera ndiwosavuta kwa ambiri, ngakhale asodzi osadziwa. Amalola msodzi kuti azitha kuyenda padziwe, ndipo chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa kudyetsera malo, "amasonkhanitsa" nsomba pamalo omwe apatsidwa. Wodyetsa ndi wosankha, monga mitundu yosiyana ya zipangizo, panopa amasiyana mu utali wa ndodo. Maziko ndi kukhalapo kwa nyambo chidebe-sinker (wodyetsa) ndi nsonga kusinthana pa ndodo. Pamwamba pamasintha malinga ndi momwe nsomba zimakhalira komanso kulemera kwa chodyera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyongolotsi, chipolopolo cha nyama ndi zina zotero zimatha kukhala ngati mphuno ya nsomba.
Njira yopha nsombayi imapezeka kwa aliyense. Kulimbana sikukufuna zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi zida zapadera. Mukhoza nsomba pafupifupi madzi aliwonse. Samalani ndi kusankha kwa feeders mu mawonekedwe ndi kukula, komanso nyambo zosakaniza. Izi ndichifukwa cha momwe malo osungiramo madzi amakhalira (mtsinje, dziwe, ndi zina zotero) ndi zakudya zomwe nsomba zam'deralo zimakonda. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti kuti mugwire bwino sturgeon, pakalibe kuluma, ndikofunikira kupewa kukhala mosasamala. Ngati palibe kulumidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kusintha malo osodza kapena, osachepera, sinthani nozzle ndi gawo logwira ntchito la nyambo.
Kugwira sturgeon pa zida zoyandama
Zida zoyandama za nsomba za sturgeon nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta. Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa ndodo zokhala ndi "zida zothamanga". Mothandizidwa ndi reel, ndikosavuta kukoka zitsanzo zazikulu. Zida ndi mizere ya nsomba zimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu - nsomba si mosamala kwambiri, makamaka ngati dziwe ndi mitambo. Chophimbacho chiyenera kusinthidwa kuti mphuno ikhale pansi. Monga momwe zilili ndi ndodo yodyetsa, nyambo yochuluka imafunika kuti pakhale nsomba zopambana. Usodzi wamba ndi wofanana ndi kusodza ndi ndodo zapansi. Ngati palibe kulumidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kusintha malo osodza kapena nozzle. Zokonda pazakudya za nsomba zam'deralo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi asodzi odziwa bwino ntchito kapena oyang'anira usodzi.
Kugwira sturgeon ndi zida zachisanu
Sturgeon m'nyengo yozizira amapita kumadera akuya a malo osungiramo madzi. Pausodzi, zida zapansi za m'nyengo yozizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: zonse zimayandama ndi kugwedeza. Popha nsomba kuchokera ku ayezi, chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kukula kwa mabowo ndi kusewera kwa nsomba. Zovuta zikhoza kubwera chifukwa cha maonekedwe a mutu ndi malo a pakamwa. Mphamvu ndi kukonza zida pa ayezi - imodzi mwa nthawi zofunika kwambiri nsomba za m'nyengo yozizira kwa sturgeon.
Nyambo
Sturgeon imagwidwa pa nyambo zosiyanasiyana za nyama ndi masamba. Mwachilengedwe, mitundu ina ya sturgeon imatha kukhazikika pazakudya zamtundu wina. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa mitundu yamadzi am'madzi. Pankhani yamafamu azikhalidwe, nsomba zimadziwika ndi "zamitundu yosiyanasiyana", kuphatikiza zomwe zidachokera ku zomera. Zakudya zimadalira zakudya zomwe eni ake a malo osungiramo madzi amagwiritsira ntchito. Nyambo zokometsera kwambiri ndi nyambo zimalimbikitsidwa popha nsomba za sturgeon. Chiwindi, nyama zosiyanasiyana za nsomba, shrimp, nkhono, mwachangu, komanso nandolo, mtanda, chimanga, ndi zina zotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyambo. Ndipo chakudya chachilengedwe cha sturgeons ndi oimira osiyanasiyana apansi pa benthos, mphutsi, mphutsi ndi mphutsi zina zopanda msana.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Mitundu yambiri ya sturgeon imakhala m'madera otentha a Eurasia ndi North America. Sakhalin sturgeon amakhala m'chigawo cha Pacific, chomwe chimabwera kudzaberekera m'mitsinje: kumtunda ndi kuzilumba zachilumba. Mitundu yambiri imapita kunyanja kukadyetsa. Palinso mitundu yamadzi amchere yomwe imakhala m'nyanja ndikupanga magulu ongokhala m'mitsinje. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha sturgeon chimakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian (pafupifupi 90% mwazinthu zonse zamtunduwu padziko lapansi). Sturgeons amakonda malo akuya, koma kutengera momwe malo osungiramo madzi amakhalira ndi chakudya (pansi pa benthos, molluscs, etc.), amatha kusamukira kufunafuna kudzikundikira chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, amaunjikana m'maenje achisanu pamitsinje.
Kuswana
Kubereka kwa sturgeon ndikwambiri. Anthu akuluakulu amatha kubala mazira mamiliyoni angapo, ngakhale kuti mitundu yambiri ya sturgeon ili pafupi kutha. Izi ndichifukwa cha momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira mdera lomwe tikukhalamo komanso kusaka nyama. Kuswana kwa sturgeon kumachitika kumapeto kwa kasupe, koma nthawi yoberekera kusamuka kumakhala kovuta komanso yeniyeni pamtundu uliwonse. Magulu aku Northern zachilengedwe amakula pang'onopang'ono, kukhwima pakugonana kumatha kuchitika pazaka 15-25 zokha, komanso kubereka pafupipafupi. - 3-5 zaka. Kwa mitundu yakumwera, nthawi imeneyi imakhala zaka 10-16.