Truffle yachilimwe (Tuber aestivum)
- Dipatimenti: Ascomycota (Ascomycetes)
- Kugawikana: Pezizomycotina (Pezizomycotins)
- Kalasi: Pezizomycetes (Pezizomycetes)
- Type: Tuber aestivum (Truffle yachilimwe (Black truffle)
- Skorzone
- truffle saint Jean
- Truffle wakuda wachilimwe
truffle yachilimwe (Ndi t. Chilimwe tuber) ndi bowa wamtundu wa Truffle (lat. Tuber) wa banja la Truffle (lat. Tuberaceae).
Amatanthauza zomwe zimatchedwa ascomycetes, kapena marsupials. Achibale ake apamtima ndi morels ndi stitches.
Matupi a Zipatso 2,5-10 masentimita m'mimba mwake, bluish-wakuda, wakuda-bulauni, pamwamba ndi piramidi wakuda-bulauni njerewere. Zamkati mwake zimakhala zoyera kapena zotuwa, kenako zofiirira kapena zachikasu zofiirira, zokhala ndi mitsempha yambiri yoyera yomwe imapanga mawonekedwe a nsangalabwi, yowundana kwambiri poyamba, yotayirira mu bowa wakale. Kukoma kwa zamkati ndi nutty, sweetish, fungo losangalatsa, lamphamvu, nthawi zina limafanizidwa ndi fungo la algae kapena zinyalala za nkhalango. Matupi a zipatso amakhala mobisa, nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakuya, bowa akale nthawi zina amawonekera pamwamba.
Amapanga mycorrhiza ndi oak, beech, hornbeam ndi mitundu ina ya masamba otakata, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma birches, makamaka kawirikawiri ndi ma pine, amakula osaya (3-15 cm, ngakhale nthawi zina mpaka 30 cm) m'nkhalango zobiriwira. , makamaka pa dothi la calcareous.
M'madera osiyanasiyana a Federation, ma truffles amapsa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kusonkhanitsa kwawo kumatheka kuyambira kumapeto kwa July mpaka kumapeto kwa November.
Uyu ndiye woyimira yekhayo wa mtundu wa Tuber m'dziko lathu. Zambiri zokhudza kupeza truffle yozizira (Tuber brumale) sizinatsimikizidwe.
Madera akuluakulu omwe truffle wakuda amabala zipatso nthawi zambiri komanso pachaka ndi gombe la Black Sea ku Caucasus ndi dera lamapiri la Crimea. Zaka 150 zapitazi zakhala zikuchitikanso m'madera ena a ku Ulaya kwa Dziko Lathu: m'madera a Podolsk, Tula, Belgorod, Oryol, Pskov ndi Moscow. M'chigawo cha Podolsk, bowa anali wamba kwambiri kuti alimi am'deralo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20. chikugwira ntchito yosonkhanitsa ndi kugulitsa.
Mitundu yofananira:
Perigord truffle (Tuber melanosporum) - imodzi mwa ma truffles enieni amtengo wapatali, thupi lake limadetsedwa kwambiri ndi zaka - mpaka bulauni-violet; pamwamba, popanikizidwa, amapakidwa utoto wa dzimbiri.