M'madera ena, azimayi samaloledwa kuphika chakudya, ndipo mwa ophika odziwika, kuchuluka kwa azimayi ndikotsika. Mosiyana ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, pomwe mkazi amakhala pachitofu ndi chithunzi wamba. Zowonadi, ndi chikondi chonse cha kugonana kofooka pophika, alibe malo pa Olympus?
Ku France wodziletsa, wophika Anne-Sophie Pic (Maison Pic) wapambana nyenyezi yake yachitatu ya Michelin.
Kubwerera mu 1926, zakudya zabwino kwambiri zidayamba kudziwika ndi asterisk pafupi ndi dzina la malo odyera. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30, nyenyezi zina ziwiri zinawonjezedwa. Lero, nyenyezi za Michelin zimagawidwa motere:
* - malo odyera abwino kwambiri m'gulu lake,
** - zakudya zabwino kwambiri, m'malo odyera ndizomveka kupatuka panjira,
*** - ntchito yayikulu yophika, ndizomveka kupita ulendo wosiyana pano.
Pambuyo pake, Rugu Dia, wamkazi wophika wachichepere, adatenga zakudya zakulesitilanti yaku Parisian caviar Petrossian. Amayi adatchulidwanso m'makhitchini aku Italy, Portugal ndi Britain. Amachita bizinesi yawo, amalemba mabuku, amatenga nawo mbali m'mapulogalamu apawailesi yakanema.
M'zaka za m'ma 20 ndi 40, amayi ambiri adayamba kutsegula malo odyera ang'onoang'ono ku Lyon komanso mozungulira. Pambuyo pa nkhondo zapadziko lonse lapansi, abambo amawona kuti kugwira ntchito kukhitchini ndi ntchito yolemetsa, ndipo amayi ambiri amayesetsa kukonza magomewo.
Odziwika kwambiri mwa "amayi a Lyons" anali Eugenie Brasiere, Marie Bourgeois ndi Marguerite Bizet. Anamanga khitchini potengera miyambo yabanja ndikusamala maphikidwe omwe adalandira kuchokera kwa agogo awo aakazi. Mbale zidali zolamulidwa ndi masewera, popeza ulimi udakalipobe.
Malo odyera azimayi onsewa apambana nyenyezi zitatu za Michelin, eni ake adasindikiza mabuku ophika ndipo anali otchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu aku France.
Ngakhale zili choncho, lero bizinesi yodyeramo idakali m'manja mwamphamvu amuna. Amanena kuti ndizolemetsa kwa amayi kunyamula zotentha komanso amakhala tsiku lonse akuyenda, akukonzekera zoperewera zambiri. Ndipo mlengalenga kukhitchini nthawi zambiri amakhala "wotentha" - mikangano, kuthetsa ubale, kuthamanga kwa ntchito.
Komabe, ngakhale zili choncho, malo odyera oyamba omwe amayi adatsegula adayamba kuwonekera - ochepa kwambiri, popeza zinali zovuta kuphikira alendo ambiri. Mmodzi mwa malo odyerawa ndi wa ku Italy Nadia Santini, yemwe adapambana nyenyezi zitatu chifukwa cha ubongo wake, Dal Pescatore. Amayika chidutswa cha moyo wake mu mbale iliyonse - chikhalidwe cha ophika aku Italiya.
Ku Britain panthawiyi, azimayi ophika pawailesi yakanema anali kutchuka. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo ndi Delia Smith. M'zaka za m'ma 90, amuna adawonekera pazenera, koma akazi adasinthiratu kuzakudya zaluso.
Mwiniwake Gordon Ramsey, wophika wodziwika ku Britain, adati "mayi sangathe kuphika ngakhale atawopsezedwa kuti aphedwa." Tsopano mayi, a Claire Smith, akuyendetsa khitchini pa lesitilanti yake yayikulu ku London.
Khitchini yake ina ku malo odyera ku Verre ku Dubai, mpaka posachedwa, anali kuyendetsedwa ndi Angela Hartnett. Tsopano amakhala ku London ndipo amayendetsa malo odyera a hotelo ya Connaught Grill, komwe adalandira kale nyenyezi yake yoyamba ya Michelin.
Ophika achikazi odziwika kwambiri
Chithunzi cha Anne-Sophie
Agogo ake aamuna anali oyambitsa kanyumba kakang'ono ka msewu pafupi ndi nyanja, amatumizira apaulendo omwe amapita kutchuthi ku Nice. Chakudya chomwe chidapangitsa Maison Rice kutchuka chinali crayfish gratin.
Ann-Sophie adakulira m'malo odyera. M'mawa uliwonse, iye amalawa nsomba zomwe amapita nazo ku nyumba ya alendo. Makolo amalimbikitsa chidwi cha mwana wawo wamkazi ndipo sanamulepheretse maphunziro ake ophikira. Ngakhale izi, Ann-Sophie sanafune kukhala wophika ndipo adasankha ntchito yoyang'anira. Pomwe anali kuphunzira ku Paris ndi Japan, agogo ake adapambana nyenyezi 3 za Michelin, ndipo abambo ake adapitiliza bizinesiyo. Pambuyo pazaka zochepa, Ann-Sophie adazindikira kuti chidwi chake chenicheni chinali kuphika ndipo adabwerera kunyumba kukaphunzira ndi abambo ake. Mwatsoka, bambo ake posakhalitsa anamwalira, ndipo iye anayenera kupirira kunyozedwa, chifukwa palibe amene ankakhulupirira kupambana kwake zophikira.
Mu 2007, adalandira nyenyezi yachitatu ya Michelin ndipo adakhala yekhayo wamkazi "nyenyezi zitatu" wophika ku France, komanso m'modzi mwa ophika olemera makumi awiri ku France.
Zapadera zake: bass meuniere wokhala ndi wosakhwima anyezi kupanikizana, msuzi wa caramel-nati wopangidwa kuchokera ku walnuts wakomweko, vinyo wachikaso.
Helene Darroze
Olowa nyumba ya abambo ndi malo odyera ku Villeneuve-de-Marsan kumwera chakum'mawa kwa France, iyenso, poyamba, adakana mlandu wa kholo. Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku koleji yamabizinesi, Helene adakhala PR woyang'anira Alan Ducasse, adayang'anira malo odyera a Bureau. Koma kenako adaganiza zokhala wophika yekha ndikubwerera kwawo. Patapita miyezi ingapo, bamboyo anapuma, ndipo mwana wamkazi anakhalabe wamkulu
Mu 1995, hotelo yabanja idatchulidwa pambuyo pake, ndipo patatha chaka adabwezeretsa nyenyezi ya Michelin yomwe bambo ake adamwalira. Helene adakhala Chef Wakale wa Champerard wa Chaka, adasamukira ku Paris, adatsegula Helene Darroze (nyenyezi ziwiri), kenako adapita ku London kukayendetsa malo odyera a Connaught.
Mbale yake yosaina: ratatouille.
Angela Hartnett
Angela ankakonda kuphika kuyambira ali mwana ndi agogo ake a ku Italy, ngakhale izi, anamaliza maphunziro awo ku digiri ya mbiri yakale, pambuyo pake adapita kukagwira ntchito ku lesitilanti pachilumba cha Barbados. Kuchokera ku Barbados, Angela adabwera kukagwirira ntchito Gordon Ramsay ku Aubergine, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko adapita ku Marcus Wareng ku L ', kenako ku Petrus.
Angela sanaime pamenepo: patapita nthawi, adapita ku Ramsey Verre ku Dubai. Lero ali wokonzeka kutsegula malo ake odyera, Murano, kwinaku akupita ku York & Albany gastropub.
Zapadera zake: kalulu wachifumu wokula, msuzi wake ndi ma foie gras.
Claire Smith
Msungwanayu si wolowa m'malo mwa omvera ndipo sanakule kukhitchini. Amayenera kutsimikizira luso lake kuchokera pansi pomwe. Wachigawo wochokera ku Northern Ireland, adawerenga mbiri ya ophika abwino kupita kumabowo. Atamaliza sukulu, adathawira ku London ndipo adamaliza maphunziro awo ku koleji yophikira. Posakhalitsa adakwanitsa kupita kuntchito kukhitchini ya Gordon Ramsay.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Ramsay adamupatsa mwayi wophunzitsira ku Louis XV waku Alan Ducasse. Kumeneko, Claire, yemwe samadziwa chilankhulocho, anali ndi zovuta: amayenera kuphunzira mwachangu kulankhula ndikuphika kunyoza ophika. Kubwerera kumalo odyera a Gordon Ramsay, zaka zingapo pambuyo pake Claire adatenga ntchito yophika.
Makonda ake ndi ravioli wokhala ndi nkhanu, nsomba ndi ma langoustines.
Rose Grey ndi Ruth Rogers
Rose ndi Ruth ndi azaka ziwiri zapakati pa Ialyans omwe, m'ma 1980, "adanyamula kuphika ku Britain kuchokera kumabwinja." Malo awo odyera, River Cafe, adakonzedwa ngati chipinda chodyera chaofesi yomanga m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Thames. Koma chifukwa cha zakudya zokoma modabwitsa, osati antchito okha omwe adayamba kubwera kudzadya.
Kenako cafe idakonzedwanso, ndipo idasandulika malo odyera okwera mtengo okhala ndi mipando 120 yokhala ndi bwalo lotentha. Ruth ndi Rose adalemba mapulogalamu angapo apawailesi yakanema ndikulemba mabuku ambiri ophika.
Elena Arzack
Elena amayendetsa malo odyera a Arzhak mumzinda wa San Sebastian. Anakulira m'malo ophunzitsira achibale ndipo adaphunzira kuphika ku lesitilanti kuchokera kwa amayi ake ndi agogo ake. Malo odyera pabanja adakhazikitsidwa ku 1897, ndipo Elena adayamba kugwira ntchito ngati mwana wasukulu, akusenda masamba ndi saladi.
Mu khitchini yodziwika bwino ya Arzhak, oyang'anira ophika asanu ndi mmodzi mwa asanu ndi anayiwo ndi akazi.
Zapadera zake: nsomba za m'nyanja yaku France zokhala ndi nsomba zam'nyanja mu batala ndi masamba ochepa, msuzi wa mbatata wonyezimira ndi hering'i caviar.
Mkazi wachi French Annie sanaganize ngakhale pang'ono zophika mpaka atakwatiwa ndi Italiya. Mwamuna wake, Giorgio Pinocchorri, adatsegula malo ogulitsira malo mu Florentine palazzo yakale mu 1972, pomwe anthu ambiri amamwa vinyo ndikuchita nawo zokometsera. Annie adaganiza zoperekera zokhwasula-khwasula ku vinyo - canapes ndi masangweji. Popita nthawi, mndandanda wakula, Annie adayamba kuyitanidwa ku TV.
Wophikirayo sanapatsidwe mbale zovuta zaku Italiya mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo adasintha maphikidwe mchifalansa, potero adayambitsa omwe adalemba zatsopano. Mtanda pakati pa zakudya zachifalansa ndi zaku Italiya unapereka zotsatira zabwino: Annie adapatsidwa nyenyezi za Michelin.