Zamkatimu
Kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kunayamba kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha anthu, ndipo mkuwa unali chitsulo choyamba, popeza chimapezeka mwachilengedwe ndipo chimatha kukonzedwa mosavuta. N’zosadabwitsa kuti akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale amapeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso ziwiya za m’nyumba zopangidwa ndi chitsulochi. M'kati mwa chisinthiko, anthu adaphunzira pang'onopang'ono kuphatikiza zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, kupeza ma alloys olimba kwambiri opangira zida, ndipo kenako zida. M'nthawi yathu ino, kuyesa kukupitirira, chifukwa chake n'zotheka kuzindikira zitsulo zolimba kwambiri padziko lapansi.
10 titaniyamu
Titaniyamu imatsegula mlingo wathu - chitsulo cholimba kwambiri chomwe chinakopa chidwi. Makhalidwe a titaniyamu ndi awa:
- mkulu enieni mphamvu;
- kukana kutentha kwakukulu;
- otsika osalimba;
- kukana dzimbiri;
- kukana makina ndi mankhwala.
Titaniyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ankhondo, zamankhwala oyendetsa ndege, kupanga zombo, ndi madera ena opanga.
9. Uranus
Chinthu chodziwika kwambiri, chomwe chimatengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo pansi pazimenezi ndi chitsulo chofooka cha radioactive. M'chilengedwe, imapezeka mumtundu waulere komanso m'miyala ya acidic sedimentary. Ndilolemera kwambiri, limagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo lili ndi paramagnetic properties, kusinthasintha, kusinthika, komanso pulasitiki. Uranium imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri opanga.
8. Bambo Wolfram
Imadziwika kuti ndi chitsulo chosakanizika kwambiri kuposa zonse zomwe zilipo, ndipo ndi yazitsulo zolimba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi chinthu chosinthika chamtundu wonyezimira wa silver-gray. Ali ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu, kosasunthika kwambiri, kukana kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa cha zinthu zake, imatha kupangidwa ndikukokedwa kukhala ulusi wochepa thupi. Amadziwika kuti tungsten filament.
7. Rhenium
Pakati pa oimira gululi, amaonedwa ngati chitsulo chosinthika chapamwamba kwambiri, mtundu wa silvery-white. Zimapezeka mwachilengedwe mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, koma zimapezeka mu molybdenum ndi mkuwa zopangira. Imakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu ndi kachulukidwe, ndipo imakhala ndi refractoriness yabwino kwambiri. Zawonjezera mphamvu, zomwe sizitayika ndi kusintha mobwerezabwereza kutentha. Rhenium ndi yazitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndipo imakhala yokwera mtengo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wamakono ndi zamagetsi.
6. Osmium
Chitsulo chonyezimira chasiliva chonyezimira chokhala ndi buluu pang'ono, ndi cha gulu la platinamu ndipo chimatengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazitsulo zolimba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mofanana ndi iridium, ili ndi mphamvu zambiri za atomiki, mphamvu zambiri komanso kuuma. Popeza osmium ndi zitsulo platinamu, ali katundu ofanana iridium: refractoriness, kuuma, brittleness, kukana kupsyinjika makina, komanso chikoka cha malo aukali. Wapeza ntchito yayikulu mu opaleshoni, ma electron microscopy, makampani opanga mankhwala, ukadaulo wa rocket, zida zamagetsi.
5. Beryllium
Ndi wa gulu la zitsulo, ndi kuwala imvi zinthu ndi wachibale kuuma ndi mkulu kawopsedwe. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, beryllium imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana:
- mphamvu ya nyukiliya;
- uinjiniya wa zamlengalenga;
- zitsulo;
- laser luso;
- mphamvu za nyukiliya.
Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu, beryllium imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma alloy alloy ndi zida zotsutsa.
4. Chrome
Chromium ndiyotsatira pazitsulo khumi zolimba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - chitsulo cholimba, champhamvu kwambiri chotuwira choyera chomwe sichimva ma alkalis ndi zidulo. Zimapezeka m'chilengedwe mwa mawonekedwe ake oyera ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nthambi zosiyanasiyana za sayansi, teknoloji ndi kupanga. Chromium Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma aloyi osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamankhwala ndi zamankhwala. Kuphatikiza ndi chitsulo, amapanga ferrochromium alloy, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zodulira zitsulo.
3. Tantalum
Tantalum imayenera mkuwa mu kusanja, chifukwa ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zolimba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndichitsulo cha silvery chokhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu ndi kachulukidwe ka atomiki. Chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa filimu ya oxide pamwamba pake, imakhala ndi utoto wotsogolera.
Zodziwika za tantalum ndizolimba kwambiri, kukana, kukana dzimbiri komanso media zaukali. Chitsulocho ndi chitsulo chosungunuka bwino ndipo chimatha kupangidwa mosavuta. Masiku ano tantalum imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino:
- m'makampani opanga mankhwala;
- pomanga zida za nyukiliya;
- mu kupanga metallurgical;
- popanga ma alloys osagwira kutentha.
2. Ruthenium
Mzere wachiwiri wakusanjikiza kwazitsulo zolimba kwambiri padziko lapansi umakhala ndi ruthenium - chitsulo chasiliva cha gulu la platinamu. Mbali yake ndi kukhalapo mu zikuchokera minofu minofu ya zamoyo. Zinthu zamtengo wapatali za ruthenium ndizolimba kwambiri, kuuma, kukana, kukana mankhwala, komanso kuthekera kopanga zinthu zovuta. Ruthenium imawonedwa ngati chothandizira pamachitidwe ambiri amankhwala, imakhala ngati chinthu chopangira maelekitirodi, kulumikizana, ndi nsonga zakuthwa.
1. Iridium
Chiyembekezo cha zitsulo zolimba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zimayendetsedwa ndi iridium - chitsulo choyera-choyera, cholimba komanso chokanirira chomwe chili m'gulu la platinamu. Mwachilengedwe, chinthu champhamvu kwambiri chimakhala chosowa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizidwa ndi osmium. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwachilengedwe, ndizovuta kupanga makina komanso kugonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala. Iridium imakhudzidwa movutikira kwambiri ndi zotsatira za halogens ndi sodium peroxide.
Chitsulochi chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Imawonjezeredwa ku titaniyamu, chromium ndi tungsten kuti ipititse patsogolo kukana malo okhala acidic, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zolembera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzodzikongoletsera kupanga zodzikongoletsera. Mtengo wa iridium umakhalabe wokwera chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake kochepa m'chilengedwe.