M’Nyengo ya Stone Age, pamene amuna anapita kukasaka, akazi ankatola zitsamba, mizu, ndi zipatso—zonse zimene akanatha kudya. Tsoka ilo, zipatso zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa sizikanatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, koma amayi anzeru adawona kuti zipatso zomwe zidagwa pamitengo, zouma ndi dzuwa, ngakhale zinalibe juiciness ngati zomwe zangotengedwa kumene, zinali zotsekemera komanso zotsekemera. anasungidwa motalika. Kotero nthawi yomwe mkazi, atatenga zipatso zotsatirazi, adaziyika pamiyala kuti ziume padzuwa, zikhoza kutchedwa tsiku lobadwa osati mtundu watsopano wa ntchito zachikazi, komanso makampani ogulitsa chakudya. Patapita nthawi, oyendetsa ngalawa ambiri akale anatenga zipatso zouma monga chakudya, ngakhale kuti panthawiyo sizinali kudziwika kwa sayansi kuti zipatso zouma zinali nkhokwe ya mavitamini, mchere ndipo, makamaka, kutetezedwa ku matenda ambiri. Dokotala wa sitimayo sanangogwiritsa ntchito zitsamba zapadera ndi mankhwala kwa odwala, komanso nthawi zonse amawonjezera zakudya za odwala ndi zipatso zouma - zinadziwika kuti thupi linkamenyana ndi matenda mwakhama ndipo odwalawo adakwera kawiri mofulumira. Kale ku China, silika, mbale ndi zipatso zouma zinkaonedwa kuti ndi mphatso zamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Komanso, inali zipatso zouma zomwe zinali mphatso yaukwati. Chilichonse cha zipatso zouma chimatanthawuza chikhumbo china cha okwatirana amtsogolo: mwachitsanzo, peyala yowuma imayimira chikhumbo chokhala osalekanitsidwa; ma apricots owuma omwe adaperekedwa amatanthauza chikhumbo cha kupambana ndi chitukuko, popeza apurikoti anali ndi mtundu wachikasu-lalanje, ndipo oimira olemekezeka okha amavala zovala za mtundu uwu (kenako - mfumu yokha); yamatcheri owuma amatanthawuza chikhumbo chachikondi chochuluka mu maubwenzi, mzimu wamasika waunyamata, kusamalirana wina ndi mzake. N’zosadabwitsa kuti wafilosofi wina wakale wa ku China anati: “Zipatso zouma ndi zipatso zodziwa nzeru.” Zipatso zouma zamakono Chitonthozo chenicheni cha dzino lokoma, zipatso zouma zimatha kukhala m'malo mwa confectionery, chifukwa zimakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka (fructose, sucrose, glucose), ndipo ali ndi pafupifupi theka la zopatsa mphamvu za shuga. Fructose (shuga wa zipatso) wopezeka mu zipatso zouma ndi "zodzaza" mu fiber, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisungidwe m'thupi pang'onopang'ono, kuteteza matumbo kuti asatenge shuga wambiri ndi cholesterol kuposa momwe amafunikira, komanso popanda kukweza insulini m'magazi. , mwa nthawi zonse. maswiti. Chifukwa chake, ngati mungasankhe pakati pa chokoleti ndi zipatso zouma, njira yachiwiri sikhala yoyipa kwambiri "pachiwerengero". Kuphatikiza pa kuthekera kosintha maswiti okoma, zipatso zouma zimakhala ndi zina zambiri, zopindulitsa zochepa. Ndipo koposa zonse, iwo ndi mwamtheradi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe alibe utoto, emulsifiers, stabilizers ndi zina yokumba. Ndipotu izi ndi zipatso zofanana, popanda madzi. Zipatso zouma ndi gwero lenileni la zinthu zofunika kufufuza ndi zakudya. Muli calcium (amalimbitsa misomali ndi tsitsi, amapereka khungu mwatsopano), magnesium (normalizes kuthamanga kwa magazi), potaziyamu (imapangitsa kugwira ntchito kwa mtima ndi mitsempha yamanjenje, imachotsa madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi, imachepetsa kutupa), sodium ndi chitsulo ( kuthandizira mulingo wa hemoglobin m'magazi, kupereka okosijeni ku ziwalo zonse ndi minofu), CHIKWANGWANI ndi pectin (zimagwira ntchito bwino m'matumbo ndi m'mimba). A ochepa zouma apricots ndi zoumba kukhutiritsa tsiku zofunika potaziyamu, 50 g zouma yamatcheri vitamini B6 ndi magnesium. Ndipo podya zidutswa zingapo za prunes, nkhuyu kapena masiku patsiku, mudzachotsa mavuto a matumbo kosatha: ulusi wazakudya womwe uli mkati mwake umathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa m'mimba. Mwa njira, mu prunes pali "zothandizira kugaya" zina - organic acid. Amachulukitsa acidity m'matumbo ndikupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ambiri anagula Zouma maapulo ndi mapeyala. Zipatso zouma izi zidadziwika ku Rus. Masiku ano salinso otchuka (chifukwa zipatso zambiri zouma zowoneka bwino zawonekera), koma pachabe! Maapulo ndi mapeyala mu machiritso awo sakhala otsika kuposa masiku, nkhuyu, ma apricots zouma. Koma zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri, zimakhala ndi boron, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti ubongo uzigwira ntchito, zomwe sizikwanira mu zipatso zina zouma. Maapulo owuma amasungidwa bwino, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa chimfine. Peyala wouma amachotsa zitsulo zolemera ndi poizoni m'thupi. Nthochi zouma. Amatumikira monga chakudya chosalekeza cha anthu 400 miliyoni m’mayiko osauka, ndipo amabwera kwa ife makamaka kuchokera ku Vietnam. Nthochizi zili ndi shuga wambiri wachilengedwe, zomwe zikagayidwa, zimalowa mwachangu m'magazi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi othamanga. vwende zouma (zouma). Chokoma cha dziko la Tajik ichi chili ndi fiber, mapuloteni, mchere wamchere, vitamini C, mavitamini a B, carotene, iron yambiri, folic ndi nicotinic acid. Mavwende owuma, ali ndi diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory and tonic properties, amatsuka khungu ndi matumbo. Kudulira. Muli potaziyamu, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, chitsulo, mkuwa, chromium, manganese, zinki, ayodini, fluorine, cobalt, mavitamini A, B1, B2, PP, C. Ndi antidepressant yodabwitsa ndipo ndiye ngwazi yamtheradi mu antioxidant. zomwe zili. Amachotsanso mchere wazitsulo zolemera m’thupi, amachiritsa khungu ndi kulimbikitsa mitsempha ya magazi. Prunes amatengedwa kuchokera ku zipatso zouma zamitundu ya Hungarian plum. Ngakhale zingamveke zodabwitsa, ma prunes abwino kwambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Hungary ya ku Italy, yomwe imadzaza bwino ndi mtedza ndi tchizi wofewa. (Ndipo pang'ono za chisankho: ngati prunes ali ndi utoto wa khofi, izi zikutanthauza kuti adawotchedwa kale ndi madzi otentha, ndipo ali ndi mavitamini ochepa. Zopangidwa bwino ndi glycerin. Ma prunes enieni amangokhala akuda, ndipo kukoma kwake sikuyenera kukhala kowawa.) Ma apricots owuma. Awa ndi ma apricots owuma (ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana: ma apricots ndi mwala - ma apricots; ma apricots odulidwa pakati komanso opanda mwala - ma apricots owuma; ma apricots onse ndi mwala wofinyidwa - kaisa). Zili ndi pectin, malic, citric ndi tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, mavitamini B1, B2, B15, P, PP, carotene (provitamin A) yambiri. Aliyense amadziwa kuti ma apricots owuma ali ndi potaziyamu wambiri, ndipo zidutswa 5 zokha za ma apricots zouma zimakhala ndi chitsulo tsiku lililonse. Lilinso ndi vitamini B5, yomwe imalimbikitsa kuyaka mafuta m'thupi. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti kumwa pafupipafupi ma apricots zouma kumachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi khansa. Ma apricots owuma (monga mbatata yosenda) amaperekedwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi beriberi. (Posankha ma apricots owuma, yang'anani mozama za "anthu" amtundu wa imvi - pali mwayi woti sanagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mankhwala. Ikhoza kukhala lalanje, chifukwa ili ndi nkhokwe ya carotene, koma ma apricots owuma okha ndi "Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu" ya mankhwala ikhoza kukhala yowala kwambiri.) Madeti. Mphatso yachifumu yachilengedwe, imakhala ndi mavitamini onse kupatula E ndi biotin, koma imakhala ndi vitamini B5, yomwe imawonjezera mphamvu. Zouma zouma zimakhala ndi potaziyamu, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, iron, mkuwa, sulfure, manganese. Ndi madeti, mumapeza ma amino acid 23 osiyanasiyana omwe sapezeka mu zipatso zina zouma. Madeti ndi othandiza pa chimfine - osati mavitamini okha, komanso antipyretic wofatsa. Chinthu chinanso chamtengo wapatali cha madeti: amapanga kutayika kwa calcium m'thupi. Osagula madeti ofota kwambiri (ngakhale ayenera kukhala makwinya) ndi omwe ali ndi shuga wonyezimira ndi nkhungu pazikopa zawo. Mukhoza kusunga madeti kwa chaka chonse mu chidebe chokhala ndi chivindikiro chotsekedwa mwamphamvu mufiriji, ndi mufiriji - kwa zaka zisanu! Nkhuyu. Ndi mankhwala okha kukonzedwa (kuchokera) mwatsopano nkhuyu kulowa m'masitolo athu, chifukwa capricious. Choncho, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuyu zouma - zimakhala ndi ma enzyme omwe amalimbikitsa ntchito ya chimbudzi, impso ndi chiwindi, ndipo pali chitsulo chochuluka mu nkhuyu kusiyana ndi maapulo, choncho amalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Nkhuyu zili ndi potaziyamu ndi fiber yambiri, ndipo ndi chipatso chokhacho chokhala ndi calcium yambiri. Posankha nkhuyu zouma, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chipatso chamtengo wapatali chimakhala ndi sera yonyezimira yachikasu, pomwe zipatso zake zimakhala zofanana kukula komanso zofewa. Koma ngati nkhuyuyo ili ndi kukoma kosasangalatsa kwa mchere wowawasa, wowuma komanso wovuta kukhudza, moyo wake wa alumali watha kale. Zoumba. Aliyense amadziwa mphesa zouma izi. Zoumba zimabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yowala, yakuda, yabuluu, yokhala ndi maenje komanso opanda. Lili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri: 100 g imakhala ndi 320 kcal. Zoumba zochokera ku mphesa zofiira zimawonedwa ngati zothandiza kwambiri kuposa zobiriwira. Zoumba ali wambirimbiri boron, amene kupewa chitukuko cha kufooka kwa mafupa, ndi manganese, amene n`kofunika kuti chithokomiro England, komanso potaziyamu, chitsulo ndi magnesium, mavitamini B1, B2 ndi B5. Zoumba "zokhala ndi michira" zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuti sizimapangidwa ndi makina pakulekanitsa phesi. Choncho, zipatso sizimaphwanyika ndipo sizikutaya maonekedwe awo. Zoumba zapamwamba kwambiri zimakhala "zokhala ndi ponytails". 99% ya zoumba zowala zowoneka bwino zogulitsidwa m'masitolo ndi m'misika zimathandizidwa ndi sulfure kuti ziwapatse mtundu wachikasu wagolide. Zoumba zouma mwachilengedwe kuchokera ku mphesa zopepuka zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira! Ndikwabwino kutenga zoumba za compote ndi mbewu, zili ndi ma antioxidants ambiri. Zipatso za candied (papaya, nthochi tchipisi, kokonati) Izi ndi zipatso zouma zoviikidwa mu madzi musanawume. Osasokoneza: zipatso za candied ndi mchere, osati zipatso zouma zouma. Iwo yophika mu shuga manyuchi, zouma, ndipo ngakhale utoto ndi amene akudziwa. Pali zopatsa mphamvu zambiri mwa iwo, koma zopindulitsa zimawonongeka mumphukira. Kodi zoyikapo ziyenera kunena chiyani? Ngati mukuganiza kuti zipatso zouma ndi zomwe zili mu phukusi lokongola, mukulakwitsa. Pali zotetezera ndi utoto. Palibe chifukwa choopa zotetezera, mlingo wawo umayendetsedwa, mlingo wawo sudutsa muyeso wovomerezeka. Koma mulimonsemo, werengani zolembazo ndikupeza malingaliro. Ndikoyenera (makamaka ngati mukufuna zipatso zouma kwa ana) kugula mapepala olembedwa GOST, osati TU. Mwanjira ina yodekha. Zipatso zouma ndi mtedza sizikhala ndi chiphaso chovomerezeka mu GOST system, koma nditayang'ana mosamalitsa phukusi lomwe lili m'sitolo yapafupi, ndidapeza kuti pali zipatso zambiri zouma "GOST". Ngati chinyontho chochuluka chimapezeka muzinthuzo, zikutanthauza kuti sichinawumitsidwe. Izi zimakhudza osati kusasinthasintha kwa zipatso zouma (zimakhala zofewa kwambiri), komanso moyo wawo wa alumali. Kupatula apo, zimadziwika kuti malo achinyezi ndi abwino kwa kubalana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi ndikochepanso: zipatso zimakhala zouma kwambiri, zolimba komanso zimataya thanzi lawo. Chinyezi choyenera chimakhazikitsidwa ndi GOST: kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu ma apricots owuma sikuyenera kupitirira 20%, ndi prunes - 25%. Nthawi ya alumali ya zipatso zouma m'matumba ndi yayikulu kwambiri: kuyambira miyezi 8 mpaka zaka ziwiri. Inde, pofuna kukulitsa moyo wa mankhwalawa, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito zotetezera: amaviika zipatso mumadzi okoma omwe ali ndi sorbic acid (E2) kapena pawiri (E200), fumigate ndi sulfure dioxide (E202). Malinga ndi malamulo, zomwe zili mu sorbic acid ndi mankhwala ake mu mankhwalawa sayenera kupitirira 220 mg / kg, ndi sulfure dioxide - 1000 mg / kg. Momwe mungasungire zipatso zouma Zipatso zouma molemera zimayenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, amdima komanso owuma pa kutentha kosachepera +10 °C. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutentha ndi malo abwino kuti nkhungu zizikula bwino, choncho ndi bwino kuti musasungidwe kwa zaka zambiri. Mukawona zizindikiro za nkhungu, musayese kuchitsuka kapena kuchipukuta: nkhungu mu zipatso zouma ndi mtedza zimatha kupha! Chopangidwa ndi nkhungu chiyenera kutayidwa popanda chisoni. Nthawi yabwino ya alumali ya zipatso zouma ndi miyezi 6 mpaka 12, mu glaze - zochepa, pafupifupi miyezi inayi. Zipatso zouma zimathanso kusungidwa m'malo otentha kwa nthawi yochepa. Momwe mungasankhire zipatso zouma Osatenga zowuma kwambiri kapena, m'malo mwake, zipatso zofewa kwambiri - izi zikuwonetsa kuphwanya malamulo opangira ndi kusunga zipatso zouma. Sambani zipatso zouma bwino musanagwiritse ntchito - chotsani dothi ndi mankhwala. Madzi otentha amawononga mavitamini, choncho madzi ofunda amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka. Njira yabwino ndikutsanulira zipatso zouma ndi madzi a apulo ndikusiya usiku wonse. Zonsezi zimagwira ntchito kwa zipatso zouma molemera, koma ngati munagula zipatso zouma mu phukusi ndikudalira wopanga, simungathe kuzitsuka. Komabe, opanga ena amawonetsa moona mtima pamapaketi: "Ndikofunikira kuchapa musanagwiritse ntchito." Zipatso zopepuka ziyenera kukhala zakuda zikaumitsa. Ma apricots owuma opanda sulfure amakhala akuda, mtundu wowala umatheka ndi potassium permanganate. Zoumba siziyenera kukhala zachikasu, zofewa komanso zamafuta. Pewani gloss: Zipatso zouma zitha kupakidwa ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri kuti muwonjezere kuwala. Zipatso zouma zowoneka bwino zimawoneka zosawoneka bwino: zosawoneka bwino, zokwinya, zowoneka bwino - zowuma, m'mawu amodzi. Ngati zipatso zouma zakonzedwa molakwika, zimakhala ndi kukoma kwa vinyo "zopsereza". Posankha zipatso zouma m'misika yamsewu, kumbukirani kuti zamkati zawo zimatenga mpweya woyipa wagalimoto. Osachotsa mankhwalawo "panjira".
2022-11-11