Kumapeto kwa 2019, chipongwe chidabuka ndi ntchito ya Apple Card: polembetsa, idapereka malire osiyanasiyana angongole kwa amuna ndi akazi. Ngakhale Steve Wozniak analibe mwayi:
Chaka chapitacho, zidawululidwa kuti nsanja ya Netflix imawonetsa ogwiritsa ntchito zikwangwani ndi ma teaser osiyanasiyana, kutengera jenda, zaka komanso dziko. Pachifukwa ichi, ntchitoyi idatsutsidwa chifukwa cha tsankho.
Pomaliza, a Mark Zuckerberg amadzudzulidwa pafupipafupi chifukwa chotolera, kugulitsa ndikuwongolera zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ake a Facebook. Kwa zaka zambiri, iye anaimbidwa mlandu ndipo ngakhale anayesedwa chinyengo pa chisankho cha ku America, kuthandizira mautumiki apadera a ku Russia, kulimbikitsa chidani ndi malingaliro okhwima, kutsatsa kosayenera, kutulutsa deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito, kulepheretsa kufufuza kwa anthu ogona ana.
Cholemba pa Facebook ndi Zuck
Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yapaintaneti ya Pornhub pachaka imasindikiza malipoti amtundu wanji wa zolaula zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, jenda ndi zaka zomwe akufuna. Ndipo pazifukwa zina izi sizikuvutitsa aliyense. Ngakhale nkhani zonsezi ndizofanana: mu iliyonse yaiwo tikuchita ndi data yayikulu, yomwe m'zaka za zana la XNUMX imatchedwa "mafuta atsopano".
Deta yayikulu ndi chiyani
Deta yayikulu - imakhalanso ndi data yayikulu (eng. Big Data) kapena metadata - ndi mndandanda wa data womwe umabwera pafupipafupi komanso m'mabuku akuluakulu. Amasonkhanitsidwa, kukonzedwa ndi kufufuzidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zomveka bwino komanso zitsanzo.
Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi ndi deta yochokera ku Large Hadron Collider, yomwe imabwera mosalekeza komanso mochuluka. Ndi thandizo lawo, asayansi amathetsa mavuto ambiri.
Koma deta yaikulu pa intaneti si ziwerengero za kafukufuku wa sayansi. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira momwe ogwiritsa ntchito magulu ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana amachitira, zomwe amamvetsera komanso momwe amachitira ndi zomwe zili. Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha izi, deta imasonkhanitsidwa osati kuchokera ku gwero limodzi, koma kuchokera ku zingapo, kufanizira ndi kuzindikira machitidwe ena.
Za momwe deta ilili yofunika kwambiri pa intaneti, anayamba kuyankhula pamene panalidi zambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa 2020, padziko lonse lapansi panali ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti 4,5 biliyoni, pomwe 3,8 biliyoni adalembetsedwa pamasamba ochezera.
Amene ali ndi mwayi wopeza Big Data
Malingana ndi kafukufuku, oposa theka la mayiko athu amakhulupirira kuti deta yawo pa intaneti imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ena. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ambiri amaika zambiri zaumwini, zithunzi, ngakhale nambala yafoni pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi mapulogalamu.
Iyenera kufotokozedwa apa: munthu woyamba ndi wogwiritsa ntchitoyo, yomwe imayika deta yake pachinthu chilichonse kapena kugwiritsa ntchito. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amavomereza (amayika chizindikiro mu mgwirizano) kukonzanso deta iyi gulu lachiwiri - ndiko kuti, eni ake a gwero. Wachitatu ndi omwe eni ake azinthu amatha kusamutsa kapena kugulitsa deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri izi zimalembedwa mu mgwirizano wa ogwiritsa ntchito, koma osati nthawi zonse.
Gulu lachitatu ndi mabungwe aboma, obera kapena makampani omwe amagula deta pazolinga zamalonda. Oyamba atha kupeza deta ndi chigamulo cha khothi kapena akuluakulu apamwamba. Obera, sagwiritsa ntchito zilolezo zilizonse - amangobera nkhokwe zomwe zasungidwa pa maseva. Makampani (mwalamulo) amatha kupeza deta ngati inu nokha mwawalola - poyang'ana bokosi pansi pa mgwirizano. Apo ayi, ndizoletsedwa.
Chifukwa chiyani makampani amagwiritsa ntchito Big Data?
Deta yayikulu muzamalonda yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri, sizinali zolimba monga momwe zilili pano. Izi ndi, mwachitsanzo, zolemba zochokera ku makamera oyang'anitsitsa, deta kuchokera kwa oyendetsa GPS kapena malipiro a pa intaneti. Tsopano, ndi chitukuko cha malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ntchito zapaintaneti ndi ntchito, zonsezi zikhoza kulumikizidwa ndikupeza chithunzi chokwanira kwambiri: kumene makasitomala omwe angakhale nawo amakhala, zomwe amakonda kuwonera, kumene amapita kutchuthi komanso mtundu wa galimoto yomwe ali nayo.
Kuchokera pazitsanzo pamwambapa, zikuwonekeratu kuti mothandizidwa ndi deta yaikulu, makampani, choyamba, akufuna kutsata malonda. Ndiko kuti, kupereka katundu, mautumiki kapena zosankha zaumwini kwa omvera oyenerera komanso ngakhale kusintha malonda kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsatsa pa Facebook ndi nsanja zina zazikulu kukukulirakulira, ndipo kuwonetsa kwa aliyense motsatana sikuli kopindulitsa konse.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi makasitomala omwe angakhalepo kuchokera kumalo otseguka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ndi makampani a inshuwalansi, zipatala zapadera ndi olemba ntchito. Zakale, mwachitsanzo, zingasinthe ndondomeko ya inshuwalansi ngati akuwona kuti nthawi zambiri mukuyang'ana zambiri za matenda kapena mankhwala, ndipo olemba ntchito angakuuzeni ngati mumakonda mikangano ndi khalidwe losagwirizana ndi anthu.
Koma pali ntchito ina yofunika yomwe yakhala ikuvutikira m'zaka zaposachedwa: kuyandikira kwa omvera osungunulira kwambiri. Izi sizosavuta kuchita, ngakhale kuti ntchitoyi imathandizira kwambiri ndi ntchito zolipira komanso macheke amagetsi kudzera mu OFD imodzi (wogwiritsa ntchito ndalama). Pofuna kuyandikira kwambiri, makampani amayesanso kufufuza ndi "kulera" makasitomala omwe angakhale nawo kuyambira ali mwana.: kudzera pamasewera apa intaneti, zoseweretsa zolumikizana ndi ntchito zamaphunziro.
Kodi ntchito?
Mwayi waukulu kwambiri wosonkhanitsira deta ndi wochokera kumakampani apadziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi. Facebook tsopano ili ndi ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 2,5 biliyoni. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kampaniyo imakhalanso ndi mautumiki ena: Instagram - oposa 1 biliyoni, WhatsApp - oposa 2 biliyoni ndi ena.
Koma Google ili ndi mphamvu zambiri: Gmail imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu 1,5 biliyoni padziko lapansi, ena 2,5 biliyoni ndi Android mobile OS, oposa 2 biliyoni ndi YouTube. Ndipo sikuwerengera kusaka kwa Google ndi mapulogalamu a Google Maps, sitolo ya Google Play, ndi msakatuli wa Chrome. Zimangotsala kutseka banki yanu yapaintaneti - ndipo Google idziwa zonse za inu. Mwa njira, Yandex ili kale patsogolo pankhaniyi, koma imakhudza omvera olankhula Chirasha okha.
???? Choyamba, makampani ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe timalemba komanso zomwe timakonda pamasamba ochezera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati banki ikuwona kuti mwakwatirana ndipo mumakonda atsikana pa Instagram kapena Tinder, mutha kuvomereza ngongole ya ogula. Ndipo ngongole ya banjalo yapita.
Ndikofunikiranso kuti mumadina zotsatsa ziti, kangati komanso zotsatira zake.
(Ie Chotsatira ndi mauthenga achinsinsi: ali ndi zambiri zambiri. Mauthenga adatsikiridwa pa VKontakte, Facebook, WhatsApp ndi ma mesenjala ena apompopompo. Malinga ndi iwo, mwa njira, ndikosavuta kutsatira geolocation panthawi yotumiza uthengawo. Mosakayikira, mwazindikira: mukakambirana zogula zinazake kapena kungoyitanitsa pizza ndi munthu, kutsatsa koyenera kumawonekera nthawi yomweyo muzakudya.
🚕 Zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu komanso "zotayikira" potumiza ndi ma taxi. Amadziwa komwe mumakhala ndi ntchito, zomwe mumakonda, ndalama zomwe mumapeza. Mwachitsanzo, Uber amawonetsa mtengo wokwera ngati mukuyendetsa galimoto kuchokera ku bar ndipo mwachiwonekere mwachita mopambanitsa. Ndipo mukakhala ndi gulu la ma aggregators ena pafoni yanu, m'malo mwake, amakupatsani zotsika mtengo.
(Ie Pali mautumiki omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ndi makanema kuti atole zambiri momwe angathere. Mwachitsanzo, malaibulale owonera makompyuta - Google ili ndi imodzi. Amasanthula inu ndi malo omwe mumakhala kuti aone kukula kwake kapena kutalika kwake, mtundu wanji wa zovala, galimoto yomwe mumayendetsa, kaya muli ndi ana kapena ziweto.
(Ie Iwo omwe amapereka zipata za SMS kumabanki kuti atumize makalata awo akhoza kutsata zomwe mwagula pa khadi - kudziwa manambala omaliza a 4 ndi nambala yafoni - ndikugulitsa deta iyi kwa wina. Chifukwa chake sipamu yonseyi ndi kuchotsera ndi pizza ngati mphatso.
🤷️️ Pomaliza, ife tokha timatsitsa deta yathu kuzinthu zakumanzere ndi mapulogalamu. Kumbukirani kuti hype kuzungulira Getcontact, pamene aliyense anali wokondwa kulemba nambala yake ya foni kuti adziwe momwe zinalembedwera ndi ena. Ndipo tsopano pezani mgwirizano wawo ndikuwerenga zomwe akunena za kusamutsa deta yanu (owononga: eni ake akhoza kuwasamutsa kwa anthu ena mwakufuna kwawo):
Mabungwe amatha kusonkhanitsa bwino komanso kugulitsa deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, mpaka atafika pamlandu - monga zidachitikira ndi Facebook yomweyo. Kenako gawo lalikulu lidaseweredwa ndi kuphwanya kwa kampani kwa GDPR - lamulo mu EU lomwe limaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito deta mosamalitsa kwambiri kuposa yaku America. Chitsanzo china chaposachedwa ndi chiwopsezo cha antivayirasi cha Avast: imodzi mwazinthu zothandizirana ndi kampaniyo idasonkhanitsa ndikugulitsa deta kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito 100 mpaka 400 miliyoni.
Koma kodi zonsezi zili ndi ubwino uliwonse kwa ife?
Kodi zambiri zimathandizira bwanji tonsefe?
Inde, palinso mbali yowala.
Deta yayikulu imathandiza kugwira zigawenga ndikuletsa zigawenga, kupeza ana omwe akusowa ndikuwateteza ku zoopsa.
Ndi thandizo lawo, ife timalandira zotsatsa zabwino kuchokera kumabanki komanso kuchotsera kwanu. Zikomo kwa iwo sitilipira ntchito zambiri komanso malo ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe amangopeza pazotsatsa. Kupanda kutero, Instagram yokha ingatiwonongere madola masauzande angapo pamwezi.
Facebook yokha ili ndi ogwiritsa ntchito 2,4 biliyoni. Nthawi yomweyo, phindu lawo la 2019 linali $18,5 biliyoni. Zikuoneka kuti kampaniyo imalandira ndalama zokwana madola 7,7 pachaka kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense kudzera muzotsatsa.
Pomaliza, nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta: pamene mautumiki amadziwa kale komwe muli ndi zomwe mukufuna, ndipo simukuyenera kuyang'ana zomwe mukufuna nokha.
Malo ena odalirika ogwiritsira ntchito Big Data ndi maphunziro.
Mu imodzi mwa mayunivesite aku America ku Virginia, kafukufuku adachitika kuti asonkhanitse deta pa ophunzira omwe amatchedwa gulu lachiwopsezo. Awa ndi omwe samaphunzira bwino, amaphonya makalasi ndipo atsala pang'ono kusiya sukulu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'maboma chaka chilichonse anthu pafupifupi 400 amachotsedwa. Izi ndizoyipa ku mayunivesite, omwe mavoti awo adatsitsidwa ndikudula ndalama, komanso kwa ophunzira okha: ambiri amatenga ngongole zamaphunziro, zomwe, pambuyo pochotsedwa, ziyenera kubwezeredwabe. Osatchulanso nthawi yotayika komanso chiyembekezo chantchito. Mothandizidwa ndi deta yayikulu, ndizotheka kuzindikira omwe atsalira m'nthawi yake ndikuwapatsa mphunzitsi, makalasi owonjezera ndi zina zomwe akutsata.
Izi, mwa njira, ndizoyeneranso kusukulu: ndiye dongosolo lidzadziwitsa aphunzitsi ndi makolo - amati, mwanayo ali ndi mavuto, tiyeni timuthandize pamodzi. Big Data ikuthandizaninso kumvetsetsa kuti ndi mabuku ati omwe amagwira ntchito bwino komanso ndi aphunzitsi ati omwe amafotokozera zinthuzo mosavuta.
Chitsanzo china chabwino ndi mbiri ya ntchito.: apa ndipamene achinyamata amathandizidwa kusankha ntchito yawo yamtsogolo. Pano, deta yaikulu imakulolani kusonkhanitsa zambiri zomwe sizingapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero achikhalidwe: momwe wogwiritsa ntchito amachitira, zomwe amamvetsera, momwe amachitira ndi zomwe zili.
Ku USA komweko, pali pulogalamu yowongolera ntchito - SC ACCELERATE. Iwo, mwa zina, amagwiritsa ntchito luso la GPS la CareerChoice: amasanthula zambiri zamtundu wa ophunzira, zomwe amakonda pamaphunziro, mphamvu ndi zofooka. Zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza achinyamata kuti asankhe makoleji oyenera.
Lembetsani ndi kutitsatira pa Yandex.Zen - ukadaulo, zatsopano, zachuma, maphunziro ndi kugawana munjira imodzi.