Swiss fondue si chakudya chambiri koma ndi njira yodyera. Masiku ano, fondue ya ku Switzerland imapezeka pa tebulo lililonse, ndipo kale inali mwayi wa nyumba zolemera.
Fondue ndiye chakudya chokhacho chenicheni ku Switzerland, ndipo chakhalapo kwa zaka mazana asanu ndi awiri. Amakhulupirira kuti mwambo wosunsa zidutswa za chakudya mu tchizi wosungunuka unayambira ku Swiss Alps, kumene abusa ankaweta nkhosa. Atachoka kwa nthawi yayitali m'madambo, abusawo anatenga tchizi, mkate ndi vinyo pamodzi nawo. Kwa masiku angapo, zinthuzo zinayamba kutha ndipo zimasokonekera - ndipo lingaliro lidayamba kutenthetsa zidutswa za tchizi pamoto wausiku, kuzichepetsa ndi vinyo, kenako ndikuviika mkate wakale mu misa yokhutiritsa yokhutiritsa. Zotengera zadothi kapena zitsulo zotayidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisawotche tchizi, zimalimbikitsidwa ndi spatula yamatabwa. Palibe amene akanaganiza kuti fondue (kuchokera ku liwu lachifalansa lakuti "kusungunuka") idzakhala mwambo wonse, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe m'tsogolomu!
Pang’ono ndi pang’ono, chakudya cha abusa chinafalikira pakati pa anthu wamba ndipo chinathera pagome la antchito. Simungabise chikwanje m'thumba - eni ake adawona ndi njala yomwe alimi amadya tchizi wosungunuka, ndipo adafuna kuwona mbaleyo patebulo lawo. Zachidziwikire, kwa olemekezeka, mitundu yotsika mtengo ya tchizi ndi vinyo idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu fondue, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makeke atsopano idamizidwa mu tchizi, ndikukulitsa zokhwasula-khwasula pang'onopang'ono.
Poyamba, fondue sinapitirire malire a Switzerland mpaka idasangalatsidwa ndi alendo ochokera ku Austria, Italy, Germany ndi France. Alendowo pang'onopang'ono adayamba kupereka lingaliro kumadera awo, komwe ophika am'deralo adasintha maphikidwe ndikubweretsa malingaliro awo okoma pakukula kwawo. Linali dzina lachifalansa lomwe linamamatira ku mbale ya fondue, monga maphikidwe ambiri omwe adadziwika pambuyo pake.
Ku Italy panthawiyi, fondue inasanduka fonduta ndi banya cauda. Kwa ma fondouts, yolk ya dzira adawonjezeredwa ku chisakanizo cha tchizi zakumaloko zomwe dziko lino ndi lolemera, ndipo zidutswa za nsomba zam'madzi, bowa ndi nkhuku zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokhwasula-khwasula. Patsinde lotentha la banya cauda, batala ndi mafuta a azitona, adyo, anchovies adagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zidutswa zamasamba zidamizidwa mu msuzi wotsatira.
В Holland palinso mtundu wina wa fondue wotchedwa kaasdup.
В China m'masiku amenewo, mbale yopangidwa ndi zidutswa za nyama yophika mu msuzi. Fondue yaku China yotereyi idabweretsedwa ku Far East ndi a Mongol m'zaka za zana la XIV. Mtundu uwu waphika kale zakudya zaiwisi mu msuzi wowira musanatumikire. M’malo mwa nkhosa ya ku Mongolia, anthu a ku China anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuku zoziziritsa kukhosi, madontho ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Chakudya chotentha chimatsagana ndi masamba atsopano ndi masukisi opangidwa kuchokera ku soya, ginger ndi mafuta a sesame.
French fondue amapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta a masamba otentha. Amonke a ku Burgundi anatulukira njira yophikira imeneyi chifukwa chofuna kutentha m’nyengo yozizira, osataya nthawi ndi mphamvu zambiri pophika. Chakudyacho chimatchedwa "fondue bourguignon" kapena kungoti burgundy fondue. Anaperekedwa ndi vinyo, mkate wotentha wotentha, mbale yambali ya mbatata ndi chotupitsa chopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba atsopano - tsabola wokoma, tomato, anyezi wofiira, udzu winawake, basil ndi fennel.
Panthawi ya Revolution ya ku France, fondue inafikira kutchuka kwatsopano. Jean Anselm Brija-Savarin, Mfalansa wotchuka, anakhala zaka zingapo ku United States, kumene ankapeza zofunika pamoyo wake mwa kuimba violin ndi kuphunzira Chifulenchi. Anakhalabe wokhulupirika ku miyambo yophikira ya dziko lake, ndipo ndi iye amene anaphunzitsa Achimereka ku cheese fondue fondue au fromage. Menyu yachikale ya tchizi imatchedwa Neuchâtel fondue.
Kale mu 60s ndi 70s, panali mitundu yambiri ya fondue kotero kuti Chinsinsi cha Swiss chinatayika pakati pa maphikidwe osiyanasiyana.
Burgundy fondue adawonekera pazakudya za malo odyera ku New York "Swiss Chalet" mu 1956. Mu 1964, wophika wake Konrad Egli adakonza ndikupereka chokoleti fondue (Toblerone fondue) yomwe yagonjetsa mitima ya dzino lokoma padziko lonse lapansi. Zidutswa za zipatso zakucha ndi zipatso, komanso ma biscuit okoma adaviikidwa mu chokoleti chosungunuka. Masiku ano, pali fondue yokoma yokhala ndi caramel yotentha, msuzi wa kokonati, mowa wotsekemera, ndi mitundu ina yambiri. Sweet fondue nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi vinyo wotsekemera wonyezimira ndi mitundu yonse ya mowa.
M'zaka za m'ma 90, chakudya chopatsa thanzi chinakhala chofunika kwambiri, ndipo fondue, monga chakudya chopatsa mphamvu kwambiri, inayamba kuchepa. Koma ngakhale lero, m'nyengo yozizira, ndi chizolowezi kusonkhana patebulo lalikulu ndikukhala ndi nthawi yocheza ndi anthu osangalatsa, kudya fondue yotentha.
Zosangalatsa za Fondue
- Homer's Iliad akufotokoza Chinsinsi cha mbale zofanana kwambiri ndi fondue: mbuzi tchizi, vinyo ndi ufa anayenera kuwiritsa pa moto.
- Kutchulidwa koyamba kolembedwa kwa Swiss fondue kunayamba mu 1699. M'buku lophika la Anna Margarita Gessner, fondue amatchedwa "tchizi ndi vinyo."
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau ankakonda kwambiri fondue, yomwe adavomereza mobwerezabwereza m'makalata ndi abwenzi ake, osasangalala ndi maphwando osangalatsa pa mbale yotentha.
- Mu 1914, kufunikira kwa tchizi kudagwa ku Switzerland, motero lingaliro lidawuka kugulitsa tchizi kwa fondue. Choncho, kutchuka kwa mbale kwawonjezeka kangapo.