Popanda kusamutsa, palibe psychoanalysis.

Sofia wazaka 45, yemwe wakhala akulandira chithandizo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, anati: - Pa gawo lililonse, amandidabwitsa; timaseka limodzi, ndikufuna kudziwa zambiri za iye: ali wokwatira, pali ana. Koma psychoanalysts amapewa kulankhula za tsatanetsatane wa moyo wawo. “Iwo amasankha kusunga mkhalidwe wauchete, umene Freud anaulingalira kukhala maziko a chithandizo cha psychoanalytic,” akutero katswiri wa zamaganizo Marina Harutyunyan. Pokhalabe wosalowerera ndale, katswiriyo amalola wodwalayo kuganiza momasuka za iye mwini. Ndipo izi zimabweretsa kusamutsidwa kwa malingaliro mumlengalenga ndi nthawi, zomwe zimatchedwa kusamutsa.¹.

Kumvetsetsa zongopeka

Pali lingaliro lodziwika la psychoanalysis (ndi kusamutsa ngati gawo lofunikira) lomwe timatengera ku chikhalidwe cha pop. Chithunzi cha psychoanalyst chilipo m'mafilimu ambiri: "Kusanthula Izi", "Sopranos", "Couch ku New York", "Color of Night", pafupifupi m'mafilimu onse a Woody Allen. “Lingaliro losavutali likutipangitsa kukhulupirira kuti kasitomala amawona wochiritsayo ngati mayi kapena bambo. Koma izi si zoona kwathunthu, - limatchula Marina Harutyunyan. "Wofuna chithandizo amasamutsa kwa wofufuza osati chithunzi cha mayi weniweni, koma zongopeka za iye, kapena zongopeka za mbali ina yake."

Choncho, "mayi" akhoza kusweka kukhala mayi wopeza woipa, yemwe akufuna kuti mwanayo afe kapena kumuzunza, komanso mayi wachifundo, wachikondi. Ikhozanso kuyimiridwa mwa gawo, mwa mawonekedwe a zongopeka za bere loyenera, lopezeka nthawi zonse. Ndi chiyani chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti ndi zongopeka ziti za kasitomala zomwe zidzawonetsedwe kwa psychoanalyst? Marina Harutyunyan akufotokoza kuti: "Kuchokera ku zowawa zake, pomwe lingaliro la chitukuko cha moyo wake linaphwanyidwa," akufotokoza motero Marina Harutyunyan, "ndipo chomwe chiri pakati pa zomwe adakumana nazo komanso zokhumba zake. Kaya ngati umodzi «mtengo wa kuwala» kapena osiyana «mitengo», zonsezi kumaonekera mu yaitali analytic mankhwala.

Pakapita nthawi, kasitomala amazindikira ndikuzindikira malingaliro ake (zokhudzana ndi zomwe adakumana nazo paubwana) monga zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zake pakadali pano. Chifukwa chake, kusamutsa kumatha kutchedwa mphamvu yoyendetsera psychotherapy.

Osati chikondi chokha

Polimbikitsidwa ndi katswiri, kasitomala amayamba kumvetsetsa momwe akumvera pakusamutsidwa ndikumvetsetsa zomwe akugwirizana nazo. Wothandizirayo amalakwitsa kulakwitsa wochiritsayo pa chinthu chomwe amamva, koma malingaliro enieniwo ndi enieni. Sigmund Freud analemba kuti: “Tilibe kuyenera kwa kutsutsa mkhalidwe wa chikondi “choona” m’kugwa m’chikondi, chimene chimaonekera m’chisamaliro chopendekera. Ndipo kachiwiri: "Kugwa m'chikondi kumeneku kumakhala ndi mikhalidwe yatsopano yakale ndipo kumabwereza zomwe ana amachita. Koma ichi ndi mbali yofunika ya chikondi chilichonse. Palibe chikondi chimene sichibwereza chitsanzo cha mwanayo.².

Kusamutsa kumapangitsa maloto ndikuthandizira chikhumbo cha kasitomala kuti azilankhula za iye yekha ndikumvetsetsa kuti achite izi. Komabe, chikondi chochuluka chingasokoneze. Wothandizirayo amayamba kupeŵa kuvomereza zongopeka zoterozo, zomwe, malinga ndi momwe amaonera, zimamupangitsa kuti asakhale wokongola pamaso pa wochiritsayo. Amayiwala cholinga chake choyambirira - kuchiritsidwa. Chifukwa chake, wochiritsayo amabweretsanso kasitomala ku ntchito zachipatala. “Wopenda wanga anandifotokozera mmene kusamuka kumagwirira ntchito pamene ndinaulula chikondi changa kwa iye,” akukumbukira motero Lyudmila wazaka 42.

Timangogwirizanitsa kusamutsidwa ndi kukhala m'chikondi, koma pali zochitika zina mu kusamutsidwa zomwe zimayambira ali mwana. "Komanso, sizinganene kuti mwana ali m'chikondi ndi makolo ake, ichi ndi gawo chabe la malingaliro," akutsindika Marina Harutyunyan. - Amadalira makolo ake, amawopa kuwataya, izi ndi ziwerengero zomwe zimabweretsa malingaliro amphamvu, osati zabwino zokha. Chifukwa chake, mantha, mkwiyo, chidani zimawuka pakusamutsidwa. Ndiyeno wolandira chithandizoyo anganene kuti wochiritsirayo ndi wogontha, wosakhoza, umbombo, amamuganizira kuti ndi amene wachititsa zolephera zake… Nthawi zina zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti wofuna chithandizo amafuna kusokoneza njira ya chithandizo. Ntchito ya katswiri pa nkhaniyi, monga momwe amachitira kugwa m'chikondi, ndikukumbutsa wofuna chithandizo kuti cholinga chake ndikuchiritsa ndikumuthandiza kuti amve maganizo ake.

Wothandizira ayenera "kuwongolera" kusamutsidwa. "Ulamuliro umenewu umakhala m'chakuti amachita zinthu mogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zomwe wogula amapatsidwa mosazindikira, pamene amatiika m'malo a amayi ake, mchimwene wake, kapena kuyesa udindo wa atate wankhanza, kutikakamiza kukhala ana. , chimene iye mwini anali,” akufotokoza motero Virginie Meggle (Virginie Meggle). - Tikugwera pamasewerawa. Timachita ngati. Pa nthawi ya chithandizo, tili pa siteji kuyesa kulosera zopempha mwakachetechete za chikondi. Osawayankha kuti kasitomala apeze njira yawo komanso mawu awo. ” Ntchitoyi imafuna kuti psychotherapist akhale ndi vuto losakhazikika.

Ndichite mantha kusamutsidwa?

Kwa makasitomala ena, kusamutsidwa ndi kulumikizidwa kwa wothandizira kumakhala ndi nkhawa. "Ndikadakhala ndi psychoanalysis, koma ndikuwopa kusamutsidwa ndikuvutikanso ndi chikondi chosavomerezeka," akuvomereza Stella wazaka 36, ​​yemwe amafuna kupeza chithandizo pambuyo pa kutha kwa banja. Koma palibe psychoanalysis popanda kusamutsa.

"Muyenera kudutsa nthawi yodalira iyi kuti mlungu ndi mlungu muzibwera mobwerezabwereza kudzakambirana," Virginie Meggle akukhulupirira. "Mavuto a moyo sangathetsedwe m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena malinga ndi buku la zamaganizo." Koma pali njere yanzeru pakuchenjeza makasitomala: akatswiri azamisala omwe sanayesedwe mokwanira ndi psychoanalysis mwina sangathe kupirira kusamutsidwa. Poyankha malingaliro a kasitomala ndi malingaliro ake, wochiritsa amatha kuphwanya malire ake ndikuwononga chithandizo.

"Ngati vuto lamakasitomala ligwera m'dera la XNUMX,XNUMX pakukula kwa wodwalayo, ndiye kuti womalizayo ataya mtima, Marina Harutyunyan akufotokoza. "Ndipo m'malo mosanthula kusamutsidwa, wochiritsa ndi kasitomala amachita." Pankhaniyi, mankhwala sizingatheke. Njira yokha yotulukira ndiyo kuyimitsa nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo kwa kasitomala - kutembenukira kwa psychoanalyst wina kuti amuthandize, ndi kwa wothandizira - kuti ayambe kuyang'anira: kukambirana ntchito yawo ndi anzawo odziwa zambiri.

Maphunziro a kasitomala

Ngati nkhani zathu zachizoloŵezi zachikondi zili ndi zilakolako zambiri ndi zokhumudwitsa, tidzakumana ndi zonsezi panthawi ya chithandizo. Mwa kukhala chete, mwa kukana kuyankha maganizo a kasitomala, katswiriyo amaputa dala kudzutsidwa kwa mizukwa kuchokera m'mbuyomu. Malo ochizira amakhala ngati labotale momwe timapempha mizimu yakale, koma ikulamulidwa. Kupewa kubwereza kowawa kwa zochitika zakale ndi maubwenzi. Kusamutsa m'lingaliro lenileni la mawuwa kumawonedwa mu psychoanalysis ndi mitundu yakale ya psychotherapy yomwe idachokera ku psychoanalysis. Zimayamba pamene wofuna chithandizoyo akukhulupirira kuti wapeza munthu wokhoza kumvetsetsa chomwe chimayambitsa mavuto ake.

Kusamutsa kumatha kuchitika ngakhale gawo loyamba lisanachitike: mwachitsanzo, kasitomala akawerenga buku ndi psychotherapist wake wam'tsogolo. Kumayambiriro kwa psychotherapy, malingaliro okhudza wodwalayo nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino, amawonedwa ndi kasitomala ngati chinthu chauzimu. Ndipo pamene wofuna chithandizo akumva kuti akupita patsogolo, amayamikira kwambiri wothandizira, amamuyamikira, nthawi zina amafunanso kumupatsa mphatso. Koma pamene kufufuzako kukupita patsogolo, wofuna chithandizo amadziŵa bwino mmene akumvera.

«Katswiriyu amamuthandiza kukonza mfundo zomwe zimamangidwa mu chikomokere, sizikumveka komanso siziwonetsedwa, - amakumbutsa Marina Harutyunyan. - Katswiri pakuchita maphunziro ake a psychoanalytic, akugwira ntchito ndi anzake odziwa zambiri, amapanga dongosolo lapadera lowunikira maganizo. Njira yochiritsira imathandiza kupanga mapangidwe ofanana ndi odwala. Pang'onopang'ono, mtengo umachoka ku psychoanalyst ngati munthu kupita ku ntchito yawo yolumikizana. Wofuna chithandizo amadzisamalira kwambiri, amayamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi momwe moyo wake wauzimu umagwirira ntchito, ndikulekanitsa malingaliro ake ndi maubwenzi enieni. Chidziwitso chimakula, chizoloŵezi chodzidzimutsa chikuwonekera, ndipo wofuna chithandizo amafunikira kusanthula pang'ono, kusandulika kukhala "wofufuza yekha."

Amamvetsetsa kuti zithunzi zomwe adayesa kwa wodwalayo ndi zake komanso mbiri yake. Nthaŵi zambiri madokotala amayerekezera gawo limeneli ndi nthaŵi imene kholo limamasula dzanja la mwana kuti mwanayo aziyenda yekha. Marina Harutyunyan anati: "Makasitomala ndi owunika ndi anthu omwe agwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, yakuya, komanso yofunika kwambiri. - Ndipo chimodzi mwazotsatira za ntchitoyi ndizowona kuti kasitomala sakufunikanso kukhalapo kosalekeza kwa katswiri pa moyo wake wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma katswiriyu sadzaiwalika ndipo sadzakhala munthu wamba. ” Malingaliro ofunda ndi zikumbukiro zidzakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali.

¹ "Transfer" ndilofanana ndi Chirasha la mawu akuti "transfer". Mawu oti "kutumiza" adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matembenuzidwe osinthika a ntchito za Sigmund Freud. Ndi mawu ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pakalipano, ndizovuta kunena, mwina mofanana. Koma ife amakonda mawu «kutengerapo» ndi m'tsogolo mu nkhani ife ntchito.

² Z. Freud "Zolemba pa Kusamutsa Chikondi". Kope loyamba linatuluka mu 1915.