Ndinu otsika - ndipo iyi ndiye mphamvu yanu yayikulu

Kodi ndani amene amasankha kuti moyo wathu ukhale wotani? Tokha tokha! akuyankha njira ya Adlerian. Woyambitsa wake, katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku Austria Alfred Adler (1870-1937), adanena za mfundo yakuti aliyense ali ndi moyo wapadera womwe umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi banja, chilengedwe, makhalidwe achibadwa, koma ndi "mphamvu zathu zaulere". Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu aliyense amasintha, amatanthauzira zomwe zimachitika kwa iye - ndiko kuti, amalengadi moyo wake. Ndipo pamapeto pake, si chochitika chokhacho chomwe chimapeza tanthauzo, koma tanthauzo lomwe timagwirizanitsa nalo. Makhalidwe a moyo amayamba msanga, akafika zaka 6-8.

(Musati) muzilingalira za izo

“Ana ndi openyerera bwino kwambiri, koma osamasulira bwino,” anatero katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku America Rudolph D. Dreikurs, amene anayambitsa malingaliro a Adler pakati pa zaka zana zapitazo. Izi zikuwoneka kuti ndiye gwero lamavuto athu. Mwanayo amayang'anitsitsa zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira, koma nthawi zonse samapanga mfundo zolondola.

“Pokhala atapulumuka chisudzulo cha makolo awo, ngakhale ana a m’banja limodzi angafike pamalingaliro osiyana kotheratu,” akufotokoza motero katswiri wa zamaganizo Marina Chibisova. — Mwana mmodzi adzasankha: palibe chondikonda ine, ndipo ndili ndi mlandu chifukwa chakuti makolo anga anasudzulana. Wina angazindikire: Maubwenzi nthawi zina amatha, ndipo zili bwino osati chifukwa changa. Ndipo wachitatu adzamaliza kuti: Muyenera kumenyana ndi kuchita kotero kuti iwo nthawizonse awerenge ndi ine osandisiya ine. Ndipo aliyense amapita patsogolo m'moyo ndi kutsimikiza kwawo.

Makhazikitsidwe ena ndi abwino kwambiri. “Mmodzi wa ophunzira anga ananena kuti ali mwana anafika ponena kuti: “Ndine wokongola, ndipo aliyense amandisirira,” katswiri wa zamaganizo akupitiriza. Kodi iye anazitenga kuti? Chifukwa chake si kuti bambo wachikondi kapena mlendo anamuuza zimenezi. Njira ya Adlerian imatsutsa kugwirizana kwachindunji pakati pa zomwe makolo amanena ndi kuchita ndi zosankha zomwe mwanayo amapanga. Zimenezi zimathandiza makolo kuti asamavutike kwambiri ndi mavuto a maganizo a mwanayo.

Pali zisonkhezero zambiri kuposa mawu aumwini, ngakhale amphamvu, a makolo. Koma pamene malingaliro akukhala cholepheretsa, musalole kuti muthe kuthetsa mavuto a moyo, pali chifukwa chotembenukira kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo.

Kumbukirani zonse

Ntchito yaumwini ndi kasitomala mu njira ya Adlerian imayamba ndi kusanthula moyo ndi kufufuza zikhulupiriro zolakwika. Marina Chibisova anafotokoza kuti: “Atawaganizira mozama, katswiri wa zamaganizo amamupatsa wothandizila kumasulira kwake, kusonyeza mmene chikhulupiriro chimenechi chakhalira ndi zimene zingachitike pa zimenezi. - Mwachitsanzo, kasitomala wanga Victoria nthawi zonse amayembekezera zoipa. Ayenera kuwoneratu kanthu kakang'ono, ndipo ngati adzilola kuti apumule, ndiye kuti chinachake m'moyo chidzasokonezeka.

Kuti tifufuze kalembedwe ka moyo, timatembenukira ku zokumbukira zakale. Choncho, Victoria anakumbukira mmene ankagwedezeka pa kusambira pa tsiku loyamba la tchuthi sukulu. Anali wokondwa ndipo anapanga makonzedwe ambili a mlungu uno. Kenako anagwa, n’kuthyoka mkono ndipo anakhala mwezi wathunthu atavala pulasitala. Kukumbukira kumeneku kunandithandiza kuzindikira malingaliro akuti “adzagwa” ngati atalola kusokonezedwa ndi kusangalala.

Kuti mumvetsetse kuti chithunzi chanu cha dziko lapansi sichowonadi, ndipo malingaliro anu achibwana, omwe ali ndi njira ina, akhoza kukhala ovuta. Kwa ena, misonkhano ya 5-10 ndi yokwanira, pamene ena amafunikira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kuposerapo, malingana ndi kuya kwa vuto, kuopsa kwa mbiri yakale ndi kusintha kofunikira.

Dzigwireni nokha

Mu sitepe yotsatira, wofuna chithandizo amaphunzira kudziyang'anira yekha. The Adlerians ndi mawu akuti — «kudzigwira nokha» (kudzigwira nokha). Ntchito ndikuwona nthawi yomwe chikhulupiriro cholakwika chimasokoneza zochita zanu. Mwachitsanzo, Victoria ankaona kuti nthawi zina “agwanso”. Pamodzi ndi wothandizira, adawasanthula ndipo adadzipeza yekha: nthawi zambiri, zochitika zimatha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo sikoyenera kugwa pakugwedezeka, nthawi zambiri amatha kudzuka modekha ndikupita patsogolo.

Kotero kasitomala amalingalira mozama zomwe ana akuganiza ndikusankha kutanthauzira kosiyana, wamkulu kwambiri. Ndiyeno amaphunzira kuchita mogwirizana ndi izo. Mwachitsanzo, Victoria adaphunzira kupumula ndikugawa ndalama kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mosangalala, osaopa kuti "adzawulukira."

"Pozindikira kuti pali makhalidwe ambiri omwe angakhale nawo, kasitomala amaphunzira kuchita bwino," akumaliza Marina Chibisova.

Pakati pa kuphatikiza ndi minus

Kuchokera ku maganizo a Adler, maziko a khalidwe laumunthu nthawi zonse ndi cholinga china chomwe chimatsimikizira kuyenda kwake m'moyo. Cholinga ichi ndi "chopeka", ndiko kuti, osati pamaganizo, koma pamaganizo, "malingaliro aumwini": mwachitsanzo, munthu ayenera kuyesetsa nthawi zonse kuti akhale wabwino. Ndipo apa tikukumbukira lingaliro lomwe chiphunzitso cha Adler chimalumikizidwa nacho - kudzimva kuti ndi wotsika.

Zomwe zinachitikira kutsika ndi khalidwe la aliyense wa ife, Adler adakhulupirira. Aliyense akukumana ndi mfundo yakuti sadziwa momwe / alibe chinachake, kapena kuti ena amachita bwino. Kuchokera kukumverera uku kumabadwa chikhumbo chogonjetsa ndi kupambana. Funso ndilakuti ndi chiyani kwenikweni chomwe timawona ngati kutsika kwathu, ngati kuchotsera, ndipo kuti, tidzasunthira ku kuphatikiza kotani? Ndi vector yayikulu iyi yamayendedwe athu yomwe imayambitsa moyo.

M'malo mwake, ili ndi yankho lathu ku funso: Kodi ndiyenera kuyesetsa kuchita chiyani? Kodi nchiyani chidzandipatse ine lingaliro la kukhulupirika kotheratu, kutanthauza? Kwa kuphatikiza kumodzi - kuonetsetsa kuti simunazindikire. Kwa ena, ndi kukoma kwa chigonjetso. Chachitatu - kumverera kwa ulamuliro wathunthu. Koma zomwe zimaganiziridwa ngati kuphatikiza sizothandiza nthawi zonse m'moyo. Njira ya Adlerian imathandizira kupeza ufulu woyenda.

Dziwani zambiri

Mutha kuzolowerana ndi malingaliro a Adlerian psychology pa imodzi mwasukulu zomwe zimakonzedwa pachaka ndi The International Committee of Adler Summer Schools and Institutes (ICASSI). Chotsatira, 53rd Year Summer School idzachitikira ku Minsk mu July 2020. Werengani zambiri pa Online.