Zamkatimu
Zonse za cod: zida, njira ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba
Nsomba yaikulu yakumpoto yomwe inapereka dzina lake kwa banja lalikulu la oimira ichthyofauna. Maonekedwe a nsomba amadziwika bwino. Ndi thupi looneka ngati spindle lokhala ndi mutu waukulu. Mkamwa ndi waukulu, kukhalapo kwa mano otchulidwa kumadalira mtundu wa cod. Chikhalidwe cha pafupifupi cod onse ndi barbel pa nsagwada m'munsi. Ndi mitundu yonse ya zamoyo zamtundu wa cod, cod palokha ilinso ndi mitundu ingapo. Poganizira kufanana kwakunja ndi nsomba zina zokhala ngati cod, mamembala angapo a m'banjamo amatchedwa cod, mwachitsanzo, cod arctic, yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi cod (polar cod). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mtundu wa Gadus (kwenikweni, nsomba za nsomba) zikuphatikizapo Baltic, Atlantic, White Sea, Pacific, Greenland, cod yakuda ndi ena. Asayansi amagawaniza mitundu ya nsomba osati molingana ndi mawonekedwe a morphological, komanso malinga ndi moyo wawo. Mikhalidwe ya kukhalapo kwa nsomba ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kwambiri. Ngati nsomba ya Atlantic imadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa madzi amchere pansi pa nyanja ya Atlantic, ndiye kuti nsomba za White Sea zimatha kumamatira kumadzi apamwamba. Kawirikawiri, mitundu ya cod monga Baltic ndi White Sea yasintha kuti ikhale ndi mchere wochepa wa malo awo, yomwe ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya subspecies yawo. Mitundu yambiri ya cod, komabe, singakhale m'madera osungunuka m'nyanja, pamene nsomba zamtundu wa White Sea zakhala zikuchitika, zomwe zimakhala m'nyanja ya zilumba (Kildin Island, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zinkawoneka pamene malo osungiramo madzi analumikizidwa ndi nyanja. Pano, cod imakhala mkatikati mwa madzi, chifukwa m'munsi mwake imakhala ndi hydrogen sulfide yambiri, ndipo pamwamba pake imakhala ndi mchere wambiri. Malingana ndi mitundu, cod imakhala ndi moyo wosiyana. Ena, ongokhala, ena amasuntha mwachangu m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kuwonjezera apo, kusamuka kwamasamba kumakhala chizolowezi. Zakudya zokonda za nsomba zimakhalanso zosinthika kwambiri. Zitha kukhala nsomba zapakatikati, ana amitundu yofananira, komanso ma crustaceans ndi molluscs. Kukula kwa cod kumasiyana kwambiri kutengera zamoyo ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Koma kawirikawiri, nsomba imatengedwa kuti ndi yaikulu kwambiri, kulemera kwake kumatha kufika makilogalamu 40.
Njira zophera nsomba
Cod ndi chinthu chofunikira komanso chodziwika kwambiri pazamalonda. Amagwidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana: maukonde, trawls, tiers ndi ena. Kwa asodzi osangalatsa, mafani a usodzi wa m'nyanja m'madzi ozizira a Northern Hemisphere, cod ndiwomwe amakonda kwambiri. Poganizira za moyo, mtundu waukulu wa usodzi amateur ndi kuzungulira kwa usodzi. Pazifukwa zina, cod imatha kugwidwa kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zida zapansi ndi zozungulira "kuponya".
Kugwira nsomba pandodo yopota
Usodzi umachitika kuchokera ku mabwato a magulu osiyanasiyana pamtunda waukulu wa nyanja ya kumpoto. Pa usodzi, osodza nsomba amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo zopota za m'madzi. Kwa zida, monga momwe zimakhalira kupondaponda, chofunikira kwambiri ndikudalirika. Ma reel ayenera kukhala ndi chingwe chophatikizira cha nsomba kapena chingwe. Kuphatikiza pa dongosolo lopanda vuto la braking, koyiloyo iyenera kutetezedwa kumadzi amchere. Usodzi wapansi kuchokera m'chombo ukhoza kusiyana ndi mfundo zokokera. M'mitundu yambiri ya usodzi wa m'nyanja, zida zothamangitsidwa mwachangu zitha kufunikira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti magiya okwera pamakina omangirira. Malinga ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito, ma coils amatha kukhala ochulukitsa komanso opanda inertial. Chifukwa chake, ndodo zimasankhidwa malinga ndi dongosolo la reel. Mukawedza pansi pa nsomba zam'madzi, njira yopha nsomba ndiyofunika kwambiri. Kuti musankhe mawaya olondola, muyenera kufunsa ang'onoting'ono am'deralo kapena owongolera. Nsomba zimapanga magulu akuluakulu, omwe amaluma, odziwa bwino komanso owongolera samalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mbedza zambiri. Mukamaluma nsomba zingapo nthawi imodzi, kusodza kumatha kukhala ntchito yovuta komanso yovuta. Anthu akulu kwambiri sagwidwa kawirikawiri, koma nsombazi zimafunika kukwezedwa kuchokera pansi kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azivutika posewera nyama. Ndizovuta kutchula nyambo zilizonse ndi ma nozzles omwe amadziwika kuti ndi otchuka kwambiri. Universal, mutha kuganizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyimirira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira nyambo zachilengedwe ("nsomba zakufa" kapena zodula) ndizofunikanso. Pankhani ya usodzi ndikugogoda pansi, zida zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi zowongolera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera: kuchokera ku "cheburashkas" kupita ku "madontho" opindika, kulemera kokwanira kugwiritsidwa ntchito mozama kwambiri. Leash, nthawi zambiri, imamangiriridwa motsatizana ndipo nthawi zina imakhala ndi kutalika kwa 1 m (nthawi zambiri 30-40 cm). Chifukwa chake, mbedzazo ziyenera kusankhidwa mogwirizana ndi zomwe akufuna komanso mphamvu zokwanira. Zojambula zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi mikanda yowonjezera kapena ma octopus osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zina. Ndikoyenera kudziwa apa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana kumawonjezera kusinthasintha komanso kumasuka kwa zida, koma kumafuna kusamala kwambiri ndi kudalirika kwa zida. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapamwamba zokha, apo ayi "mwadzidzidzi" kutayika kwa zikho kumatha kuchitika. Mfundo ya usodzi ndiyosavuta, ikatsitsa choyimira choyimirira mpaka kuzama kodziwikiratu, wowotchera amapangira zingwe zapang'onopang'ono, molingana ndi mfundo yowunikira molunjika. Pankhani ya kuluma kogwira, izi, nthawi zina, sizofunika. "Kutera" kwa nsomba pa mbedza kumatha kuchitika potsitsa zida kapena kuchokera pakukwera kwa chombo.
Nyambo
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito nyambo ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo zonse zopanga monga octopus, vibrotails, etc., komanso nyambo zachilengedwe. Zitha kukhala mphutsi za m'nyanja, mollusks, shrimps, kudula nsomba zosiyanasiyana ndi matumbo awo. Nyambo zophatikizika nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito nyambo zopanga komanso zachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, vibrotail + shrimp ndi zina zotero.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Cod ndi timagulu tating'ono tating'ono timagawidwa kwambiri m'nyanja yozizira ya kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Monga tanenera kale, mikhalidwe ya kukhalapo ndi chizolowezi chosamukira kumadalira zamoyo. Nsomba za ku Atlantic zimatha kuyenda makilomita masauzande kuchokera kumalo oberekera kupita kumalo odyetserako ziweto. Mitundu ya Pacific subspecies imakhala yokhazikika ndipo imangosamuka pakanthawi kochepa kuchokera kugombe kupita kukuya pafupi. Cod amakonda kukhala pansi pamadzi, pomwe kuya kwake kumatha kukhala kwakukulu. Mu ndege yoyima, malo okhala nsomba za cod amafikira kuya kwa 1 km.
Kuswana
Cod spawning mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi moyo wa subspecies zosiyanasiyana. Pacific cod spawns m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mazirawo amakhala omata ndikukhazikika pansi. M'mitundu ina, kuswana kumachitika m'mphepete mwa madzi. Malo oberekera amamangiriridwa ku mafunde a m'nyanja, kuswana kumagawika, nsomba zimatha kukhala m'malo oberekera kwa mwezi umodzi. Kenako imabwereranso kumalo odyetserako ziweto, nthawi zambiri makilomita masauzande ambiri. Nsomba zimafika pa msinkhu wa kugonana zaka 3-5. Kuswana ndi nyengo, kumachitika masika.