Chifuwa chowuma ndi chifukwa chofala kwambiri chofunsira dokotala. Si matenda, koma chizindikiro, chomwe chimakhala chochepa pachokha koma chikhoza kukhala ndi zifukwa zingapo.

Chifuwa ndi kutuluka kwadzidzidzi komanso kukakamizidwa kwa mpweya wa reflex, womwe umayenera "kuyeretsa" thirakiti la kupuma. Mosiyana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa chifuwa chamafuta, chifuwa chowuma sichimatulutsa sputum (chosabereka). Nthawi zambiri amakhala chifuwa chowawa.

Chifuwa akhoza kukhala olekanitsidwa kapena limodzi ndi zizindikiro zina, monga malungo, mphuno, kupweteka pachifuwa, etc. Komanso, zimachitika kuti youma chifuwa ndiye amakhala wochuluka, patapita masiku angapo, monga nkhani ya chifuwa Mwachitsanzo.

Chifuwa sichikhala chachilendo: sichowopsa, ndithudi, koma chiyenera kukhala nkhani ya kukaonana ndi dokotala, makamaka ngati chikukula, ndiko kuti, ngati chikupitirizabe kwa masabata atatu. Pankhaniyi, X-ray ya m'mapapo ndi kuyezetsa kwachipatala ndikofunikira.

Kuwuma chifuwa kumatha chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda "ozizira" kapena kupuma ndipo amangokhalira kutha masiku angapo. Nthawi zambiri ndi kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa chifuwa chokhudzana ndi nasopharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis kapena sinusitis, ndi zina zotero.

Kutsokomola kosatha (kupitilira milungu itatu) ndikofunikira kwambiri. Dokotala adzakhala ndi chidwi ndi ukalamba wake ndi zochitika zomwe zachitika kuti ayese kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa:

• chifuwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chausiku?
• zimachitika pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi?
• wodwala ndi wosuta?
• Kodi chifuwachi chimayamba chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi zinthu zosagwirizana ndi thupi (mphaka, mungu, etc.)?
• Kodi pali chikoka pazochitika zonse (kusowa tulo, kutopa, ndi zina zotero)?

Nthawi zambiri, pachifuwa X-ray iyenera kuchitidwa.

Chifuwa chosatha chikhoza kukhala ndi zifukwa zambiri. Zina mwazofala kwambiri:

• kutulutsa kwapambuyo kwa mphuno kapena kutulutsa kwapambuyo kwa pharyngeal: chifuwa chimakhala makamaka m'mawa, ndipo chimatsagana ndi kusapeza bwino pakhosi ndi mphuno. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kukhala matenda a sinusitis, matupi awo sagwirizana rhinitis, chifuwa chachikulu cha virus, etc.
• chifuwa 'chokoka' pambuyo pa matenda a kupuma kwa nyengo
• mphumu: Kutsokomola nthawi zambiri kumayambika chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika, kupuma kumatha kukhala kupuma
• gastroesophageal reflux matenda kapena GERD (yomwe ili ndi 20% ya chifuwa chosatha): chifuwa chachikulu chingakhale chizindikiro chokhacho.
• kuyabwa (kukhalapo kwa thupi lachilendo, kukhudzidwa ndi kuipitsa kapena zokhumudwitsa, etc.)
• khansa ya m'mapapo
• Kulephera kwa mtima
• Kutsokomola (kutsokomola kumakwanira)

Mankhwala ambiri amathanso kuyambitsa chifuwa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chouma, chotchedwa chifuwa cha iatrogenic kapena chifuwa chamankhwala. Pakati pa mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amatsutsidwa:

• ACE zoletsa
• beta-blockers
• nonsteroidal anti-yotupa mankhwala / aspirin
• kulera mwa amayi omwe amasuta zaka 35

Kutsokomola kungasinthe kwambiri moyo, makamaka ngati kuli kwausiku, kumayambitsa kusowa tulo. Kuonjezera apo, chifuwa chimakwiyitsa njira yopuma, yomwe ingapangitse chifuwa chachikulu. Matenda oopsawa nthawi zambiri amachititsa chifuwa chosalekeza, makamaka pambuyo pa chimfine kapena matenda a kupuma kwa nyengo.

Choncho ndikofunikira kuti musalole chifuwa "chituluke", ngakhale chikuwoneka chochepa.

Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro zina zakuwopsa zimatha kutsagana ndi chifuwa chowuma ndipo ziyenera kukupangitsani kuti mufunsane ndi dokotala mwachangu momwe mungathere:

• kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe
• kupuma movutikira, kumva kumangika
• kukhalapo kwa magazi mu sputum
• chifuwa chatsopano kapena chosinthika mwa wosuta

chifuwa si matenda, koma chizindikiro. Ngakhale mankhwala ena amatha kupondereza kapena kuchepetsa chifuwa chowuma (zoletsa chifuwa), ndikofunikira kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa chifukwa mankhwalawa si mankhwala.

Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa chifuwa chachikulu sikuvomerezeka, ndipo kuyenera kupewedwa ngati ndi chifuwa chosatha, pokhapokha atalangizidwa ndi dokotala.

Pamene chifuwa chowuma chimakhala chopweteka kwambiri ndipo chimasokoneza tulo, ndipo / kapena palibe chifukwa chodziwika (chifuwa chopweteka), dokotala angasankhe kupereka mankhwala oletsa chifuwa (pali mitundu ingapo: opiate kapena ayi, antihistamine kapena ayi, etc.).

Nthawi zina, chithandizo chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mphumu imatha kuwongoleredwa ndi ma DMARD, ndi chithandizo chomwe chiyenera kutengedwa ngati chikufunika pakuwukira.

GERD imapindulanso ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana ogwira mtima, kuyambira "ma bandeji am'mimba" osavuta kupita kumankhwala omwe amaperekedwa ndimankhwala monga proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Pakakhala ziwengo, chithandizo cha deensitization nthawi zina chimaganiziridwa.