Zamkatimu
Kodi mulungu wamkazi Hecate adzasankha chiyani - chilakolako chaufulu kapena lamulo? Moyo kapena kusafa? Chifukwa chiyani William Blake adawonetsa mulungu wamphamvuyu kukhala wosungulumwa komanso wotayika? Akatswiri athu amayang'ana zojambulazo ndikutiuza zomwe amadziwa komanso kumva.
Wolemba ndakatulo waku Britain komanso wojambula William Blake (1757-1827) adajambula Hekate mu 1795. Ikuwonetsedwa ku Tate Gallery ku London. Aroma ankatcha Hecate kuti “mulungu wamkazi wa misewu itatu,” wolamulira wamphamvuyonse wa chilichonse chimene chimachitika m’njira zimenezi. Adawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe azithunzi zitatu zolumikizidwa ndi misana yawo. Mitu yake itatu inayang’ana kutsogolo molimba mtima, ndipo aliyense ankayang’ana mbali yake.
Mu chithunzi cha William Blake, Hecate akuwonetsedwa kuphwanya malamulo: ziwerengero zimalekanitsidwa wina ndi mzake. Awiri akuyang'anizana, ndipo wachitatu nthawi zambiri amayang'ana mbali ina.
1. Chithunzi chapakati
Maria Revyakina, wolemba mbiri yakale: "Kusamvetsetseka kwa ntchitoyi kumatsindikiridwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda, masewera odabwitsa a mizere komanso kuphwanya malingaliro achikhalidwe ndi kapangidwe kake. Munthu wamkulu yekha ndi amene akuwoneka kuti ndi weniweni, ndipo china chirichonse chikuwoneka kukhala moyo wake wosiyana m'dziko lina.
Andrey Rossokhin, psychoanalyst: “Ndikuona pakuswa malamulo ovomerezeka kumeneku kukukaniratu mphamvu za mlengalenga. Kukana (kapena kulephera?) kusonyeza njira.
2. Manja ndi mapazi amuna
Maria Revyakina: "Chidwi chimakopeka ndi manja aamuna ndi mapazi akuluakulu a Hekate: umuna umakhala ngati chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Kumbuyo kwa mawonekedwe achikazi akulota kumabisika mphamvu yaikulu, yomwe, mwachiwonekere, imawopsyeza heroine mwiniwakeyo.
Andrey Rossokhin: "Chiwerengero chachikulu cha Hekate chikufanana ndi Demon Vrubel - mawonekedwe omwewo, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kuphatikiza amuna ndi akazi. Koma Chiwandacho ndi chokonda kwambiri, chakonzeka kusuntha, ndipo apa ndikumva kukhumudwa komanso kupsinjika kwakukulu kwamkati. Palibe mphamvu mu chithunzichi, mphamvu zake zikuwoneka kuti zatsekedwa.
3. Zowona
Maria Revyakina: «Kuyang'ana kwa Hecate kumatembenuzidwa mkati, ali wosungulumwa komanso amawopa, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo wodzikuza komanso wodzikonda. Mwachiwonekere sakhutira ndi kusungulumwa ndi dziko lozungulira, lodzaza ndi mantha, koma Hecate amamvetsa kuti ali ndi ntchito yake yoti akwaniritse.
Andrey Rossokhin: «Dzanja la Hekate lagona pa bukhu (8), ili ndi Baibulo, ngati kuti limati lamulo, makhalidwe. Koma panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, nkhope yake yapatuka kuchoka ku Baibulo m’njira yosiyana. N’kutheka kuti iye akuyang’ana njoka, imene mofanana ndi njoka yoyesa (6), ikufuna kumunyengerera.
4. Zithunzi kumbuyo
Maria Revyakina: "Ziwerengero zomwe zili kumbuyo zimakhala ngati zolengedwa zopanda nkhope komanso zopanda kugonana, mtundu wa tsitsi lawo umasiyana ndi mtundu wa tsitsi la heroine, womwe ndi wophiphiritsira. Mtundu wa tsitsi lakuda unkalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro, zachinsinsi, kumvetsetsa zakuthambo, pomwe mtundu wa tsitsi lopepuka udalumikizidwa ndi zochitika, nthaka komanso kuzizira. Kusagwirizana kwa uwiri ndi utatu pachithunzichi sikunachitike mwangozi. Choncho, wojambulayo amatiwonetsa Hekate ngati gulu losungulumwa, losatetezeka mu kusagwirizana kwake ndi mgwirizano pa nthawi yomweyo.
Andrey Rossokhin: “Zithunzi ziŵiri zamaliseche zimene zimaimira ma hypostases ena aŵiri a mulungu wamkazi zili ndi mkhalidwe wa Adamu ndi Hava. Angakonde kukumana, kuti agwirizane ndi chilakolako, koma amalekanitsidwa ndi Hecate, yemwe sadziwa choti achite. Anayang'ana pansi, osalimba mtima kuyang'anana. Manja awo amatsitsidwa mopanda mphamvu kapena amachotsedwa kumbuyo kwawo. Zomaliseche zatsekedwa. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, Hecate mwiniwake, ndiloleni ndikukumbutseni, akuyang'ana m'maso mwa woyesa, ndikusunga dzanja lake pa Baibulo. Akuwoneka kuti ndi wolumala, satha kusankha chimodzi kapena chimzake.
5. Zilembo zazing'ono
Maria Revyakina: “Kumbali ya kumanzere kwa chithunzichi tikuona kadzidzi (5), yemwe kale ankaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha nzeru, koma kenako anadzakhala chizindikiro cha mdima ndi choipa. Njoka (6) ndi yochenjera komanso yochenjera, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi yanzeru, yosafa, imakhala ndi chidziwitso. Kadzidzi ndi njoka zonse zimanjenjemera. Bulu yekha (7), yemwe fano lake limagwirizanitsidwa ndi chidziwitso cha tsoka, ndilokhazikika. Iye ankawoneka kuti wasiya yekha, kugonjera Hecate (kuchokera nthano, tikudziwa kuti Zeus anapereka Hecate mphamvu pa tsoka). Mtendere wake umasiyana ndi mikangano wamba. "
Andrey Rossokhin: “Pali mkangano woonekeratu pakati pa thupi ndi mzimu, chilakolako ndi kuletsa, chikunja ndi chikhristu. Hecate, mkazi wam'mimba wokhala ndi mphamvu zazikulu zonse, apa akutenga mawonekedwe aumunthu, akuyamba kunyengedwa ndi kugonana, koma sangathe kupanga chisankho mokomera mphamvu zake zaumulungu kapena mokomera chisangalalo chapadziko lapansi. Maso a kadzidzi (5) ali ndi kuwala kofiira mofanana ndi kwa njoka. Kadzidzi amafanana ndi kamwana kakang’ono kotengeka ndi malingaliro okhudza kugonana, amene maso ake ali otsegula ndi chisangalalo. Chinjokacho (9), chimene chimawulukira kumbuyo ndi mapiko ake, chili ngati chinjoka champhamvu kwambiri. Amayang'anira Hekate ndipo ali wokonzeka kumudya ngati angasankhe kukhala mkazi wachivundi. Ngati atenganso mphamvu za mulungu wamkaziyo, chinjokacho modzichepetsa chidzawuluka.
Mawu a osadziwa
Andrey Rossokhin: "Ndimaona chithunzichi ngati maloto a Blake. Ndipo ndimawona zithunzi zonse ngati mawu a chikomokere chake. Blake ankalemekeza kwambiri Baibulo, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ankaimba za chikondi, zopanda ziphunzitso ndi zoletsa. Nthawi zonse ankakhala ndi mkangano uwu mu moyo wake, makamaka pa msinkhu umene adajambula chithunzicho. Blake sadziwa momwe angapezere kulinganiza, momwe angagwirizanitse mphamvu zachikunja, kugonana, ufulu wamalingaliro ndi malamulo achikhristu ndi makhalidwe abwino. Ndipo chithunzicho chikuwonetsa mkangano uwu momwe ndingathere.
M'makhalidwe ake, chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri pano ndi bulu (7). Nthawi zonse imapezeka muzithunzi za Kubadwa kwa Khristu, pafupi ndi modyeramo ziweto kumene Yesu wagona, choncho ndimawona ngati chizindikiro chachikhristu. Malinga ndi Blake, Khristu anayenera kugwirizanitsa thupi ndi moyo, kupereka malo ku kugonana. Ndipo chotero mu kubadwa kwake ine ndinawona chinachake chokhazikika, chosangalatsa. Koma palibe mgwirizano wotero pachithunzichi. Kuthetsa kusamvana sikunachitike mwina m'moyo wa wojambula, kapena pambuyo pake.