bowa wa July

Pamene funde la bowa loyamba la masika likutsika, nthawi yochepa ya bata imakhala m'nkhalango za Moscow Region. Koma mu Julayi, bowa monga boletus, boletus, boletus, bowa wa mossiness ndi mbuzi, russula, valui, lactic ndi rubella zimayamba kuonekera m'chigawo cha Moscow. Mitundu yosadyedwa imapezekanso m'nkhalango: bowa wa ndulu, zoyandama ndi zotuwa.

Pakati pa chilimwe ndi nthawi ya kununkhira ndi maluwa a chilengedwe chonse. Ngakhale mwezi wa July suli pachimake cha "kusaka mwakachetechete", koma ndi mwezi uno kuti mutha kupanga mayesero oyambirira m'nkhalango.

Za zomwe bowa amamera mu Julayi, ndi momwe amawonekera, akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane patsamba lino.

Bowa kuchokera ku mtundu wa Borovik

Mtsikana wa Boletus, kapena zowonjezera (Boletus appendiculatus).

Malo okhala: bowawa amamera m'nkhalango mu July yekha komanso m'magulu m'magulu osakanikirana ndi beech, oak, hornbeam, komanso pakati pa firs.

Nyengo: kuyambira June mpaka September.

Chipewacho ndi mainchesi 5-20, mu bowa achichepere ndi owoneka ngati khushoni, kenako otukukira. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi chikopa, poyamba cha velvety, pambuyo pake chipewa chachikasu-bulauni, bulauni-bulauni. Khungu silichotsedwa. Chovalacho chimakhala chofewa mu nyengo yowuma komanso yowonda m'nyengo yachinyezi.

Mwendo 5-15 cm wamtali, 1-3 masentimita wandiweyani, ndimu-chikasu, reticulate, nthawi zina bulauni pansi. Pansi pa tsinde nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi conical yochepetsetsa.

Zamkati ndi zachikasu, minofu, wandiweyani, ndi kukoma kokoma, odorless, amatembenukira buluu pa odulidwa, ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo.

Hymenophore ndi yaulere, yosasunthika, imakhala ndi ma tubules kutalika kwa 1-2,5 cm, omwe amayamba ndimu-chikasu, golide-chikasu, kenako achikasu-bulauni. Akapanikizidwa, machubu amakhala obiriwira. Honey wachikuda spore ufa.

Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku golide bulauni mpaka wachikasu-bulauni.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Maonekedwe a kapu ndi mtundu wa tsinde ndi ofanana ndi bowa wa porcini, kapena boletus wachifumu (Boletus regius), womwe umasiyana ndi tsinde lakuda ndi mtundu wa kapu wokhala ndi mithunzi yofiira.

Njira zophikira. Bowa ndi zouma, kuzifutsa, zamzitini, supu zakonzedwa.

Zodyera, gulu loyamba.

 

Boletus boletus (Boletus pascuus).

Malo okhala: m'malo odyetserako ziweto, msipu wodzala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, pafupi ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana.

Nyengo: kuyambira June mpaka September.

Chipewacho ndi mainchesi 3-10, poyamba ndi hemispherical, pambuyo pake ngati khushoni komanso yopingasa. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi chipewa chofiyira komanso chowoneka chachikasu chofiyira, chofiira cha burgundy, chachikasu-bulauni, velvety poyamba, kenako yosalala. Khungu silichotsedwa.

Kutalika kwa 3-8 cm, 7-20 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical. Mtundu wa miyendo ndi wachikasu pamwamba, wofiira pansi.

Thupi ndi wandiweyani, yoyera poyamba, kenako kuwala chikasu, kutembenukira buluu pa odulidwa, kukoma ndi fungo ndi zosangalatsa.

Chosanjikiza cha tubular ndi chaulere, poyamba chachikasu, kenako chobiriwira-chikanikiziro, chimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Spores ndi olive brown.

Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku red-bulauni mpaka bulauni-bulauni.

Mitundu yofanana. Boletus boletus ndi ofanana ndi variegated flywheel (Boletus chrysenteron), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wofanana wa kapu.

Njira zophikira: pickling, salting, Frying, soups, kuyanika.

Zodyera, gulu la 2.

 

Белый гриб – это гриб из рода Боровик. У российских грибников особое отношение к белым грибам. Встреча с ними завораживает ndi поднимает настроение. Появляется желание их фотографировать ndi искать еще ndi еще. В последнее время все чаще фотографируют найденные белые на сотовый телефон. Эти замечательные грибы не только красивые, но полезные ndi лечебные.

Bowa woyera, mawonekedwe a spruce (Boletus edulis, f. edulis).

Malo okhala: payekha komanso m'magulu mu coniferous komanso osakanikirana ndi nkhalango za spruce.

Nyengo: kuyambira koyambirira kwa Julayi mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.

Kapuyo ndi mainchesi 4-16, mu bowa achichepere ndi owoneka bwino, owoneka ngati khushoni, kenako osalala, osalala kapena makwinya pang'ono. M'nyengo yamvula, chipewacho chimakhala chochepa, kouma chimakhala chonyezimira. Chinthu chosiyana cha mitunduyi ndi mtundu wa kapu - wofiira-bulauni kapena bulauni, komanso kukhalapo kwa malo okhala ndi madera opepuka komanso amdima. Mphepete mwa kapu ndi yofanana, mu bowa aang'ono amatsekedwa pang'ono. Chipewacho ndi chokhuthala komanso chamtundu.

Mwendo wake ndi wautali, wopepuka komanso wotumbululuka wa mauna, 6-20 cm wamtali, 2-5 cm wandiweyani, wokulitsidwa kapena wooneka ngati kalabu kumunsi, wobiriwira kwambiri kumtunda, koyera pansi.

Zamkati. Chinthu chachiwiri chodziwika bwino cha zamoyozo ndi zamkati wandiweyani kwambiri, zoyera, zomwe sizisintha mtundu panthawi yopuma. Palibe kukoma, koma ali ndi fungo lokoma la bowa.

Hymenophore ndi yaulere, yopanda pake, imakhala ndi ma tubules kutalika kwa 1-2,5 cm, oyera, kenako achikasu, okhala ndi machubu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira a tubules.

Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku chestnut bulauni kupita ku bulauni wonyezimira ndi bulauni wonyezimira, tsinde kumtunda ukhoza kukhala ndi mtundu kuchokera ku bulauni wonyezimira mpaka wofiira.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Kukula ndi mtundu wa kapu ndi wofanana ndi bowa wosadyeka wa bile (Tylopilus felleus), momwe thupi limakhala ndi pinki komanso kukoma kowawa.

Zodyera, gulu la 1.

Bowa woyera (wamba) (Boletus edulis).

Malo okhala: payekha komanso m'magulu m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za coniferous, mapaki a nkhalango.

Nyengo: kuyambira Juni mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.

Kapuyo ndi mainchesi 5-25 cm, mu bowa achichepere ndi hemispherical, ndiye otukukira komanso osalala, osalala ndi m'mphepete. Khungu limakhala lopindika-makwinya, lonyezimira komanso lomatira pang'ono nyengo yamvula. Mtundu wa chipewa - mdima wakuda, wonyezimira, wofiira wa njerwa. Khungu silichotsedwa. Mphepete mwa kapu ndi yofanana, mu bowa aang'ono amatsekedwa pang'ono. Chipewacho ndi chokhuthala komanso chamtundu.

Mwendo ndi waukulu, wandiweyani, cylindrical, nthawi zina wandiweyani pansi kapena ngakhale tuberous, wa sing'anga ndi lalikulu utali, kuwala ndi kuzimiririka kuwala bulauni mauna chitsanzo kumtunda, ndi yosalala ndi kuwala kumunsi. Kutalika kwa bowa 6-20 cm, makulidwe 2-5 cm.

Thupi ndi lolimba, loyera mu zitsanzo zazing'ono ndi spongy. Kenako amasintha mtundu kukhala wachikasu-wobiriwira. Zilibe kukoma, koma zimakhala ndi fungo labwino la bowa.

Ma tubules ndi opapatiza komanso aatali, osatsatira tsinde ndipo amalekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi kapu.

Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka zofiirira komanso ngakhale zotuwa. Phesi pamwamba pake likhoza kukhala lachikasu chopepuka mpaka lofiirira.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Mofananamo ndi bowa wa m'madzi (Tylopilus felleus), momwe thupi lake limakhala ndi pinki, fungo losasangalatsa komanso kukoma kowawa kwambiri.

Njira zophikira: kuyanika, pickling, kumalongeza, soups.

Zodyera, gulu la 1.

Bowa woyera, mawonekedwe a mesh (Boletus edulis, f. reticulates).

Malo okhala: payekha komanso m'magulu m'nkhalango za oak ndi hornbeam.

Nyengo: kuyambira Juni mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.

Kapuyo ndi mainchesi 4-15 cm, mu bowa achichepere ndi owoneka bwino, owoneka ngati khushoni, kenako osalala, osalala kapena makwinya pang'ono. M'nyengo yamvula, chipewacho chimakhala chochepa, kouma chimakhala chonyezimira. Mtundu wa kapu ndi njerwa zofiira, zofiirira, zofiirira kapena zofiirira. Khungu silichotsedwa. Mphepete mwa kapu ndi yofanana, mu bowa aang'ono amatsekedwa pang'ono. Kapu ndi wandiweyani komanso minofu.

Mwendo. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi kutchulidwa mauna pa mwendo. Ma mesh a kirimu wopepuka amayikidwa pamwamba pazithunzi zofiira kapena zofiirira. Mwendo wamtali, 5-13 cm wamtali, 1,5-4 masentimita wandiweyani, wotambasula kapena wowoneka ngati chibonga kumunsi, wowoneka bwino kwambiri kumtunda.

Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, woyera, alibe mtundu pa yopuma. Zilibe kukoma, koma zimakhala ndi fungo labwino la bowa.

Hymenophore ndi yaulere, yopanda pake, imakhala ndi ma tubules kutalika kwa 1-2,5 cm, oyera, kenako achikasu, okhala ndi machubu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira a tubules.

Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni wakuda ndi wakuda mpaka bulauni, ndipo mtundu wa tsinde ndi wofanana.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Kukula ndi mtundu wa kapu ndi ofanana ndi bowa wosadyeka wa bile (Tylopilus felleus), momwe thupi limakhala ndi utoto wa pinki komanso kukoma kowawa.

Zodyera, gulu la 1.

Mkuwa woyera (Boletus aereus).

Malo okhala: m'nkhalango zobiriwira komanso zosakanikirana.

Nyengo: kuyambira koyambirira kwa Julayi mpaka Okutobala.

Kapuyo ndi mainchesi 4-10, mu bowa achichepere ndi owoneka bwino, owoneka ngati khushoni, kenako osalala, osalala kapena makwinya pang'ono. M'nyengo yamvula, chipewacho chimakhala chochepa, kouma chimakhala chonyezimira. Chinthu chosiyana ndi bowa wina woyera ndi mtundu wa kapu - bulauni kapena mdima wandiweyani. Mphepete mwa kapu ndi yofanana, mu bowa aang'ono amatsekedwa pang'ono. Chipewacho ndi chokhuthala komanso chamtundu.

Mwendo ndi wautali, wopepuka wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofewa a mauna, 6-20 cm wamtali, 2,5-4 cm wokhuthala, wokulitsidwa kapena wowoneka ngati chibonga kumunsi. Mwendo waphimbidwa ndi madontho ofiirira.

Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, woyera kapena kuwala chikasu mu bowa achinyamata, chikasu mu okhwima bowa. Mukapanikizidwa, mtundu susintha. Zilibe kukoma, koma zimakhala ndi fungo labwino la bowa.

Hymenophore ndi yaulere, yopanda pake, imakhala ndi ma tubules kutalika kwa 1-2,5 cm, oyera, kenako achikasu, okhala ndi machubu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira a tubules.

Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni wonyezimira mpaka mdima wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira wonyezimira, tsinde lomwe lili kumtunda likhoza kukhala ndi mtundu kuchokera ku kuwala kofiira mpaka kufiira.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Kukula ndi mtundu wa kapu ndi ofanana ndi bowa wosadyeka wa bile (Tylopilus felleus), momwe thupi limakhala ndi utoto wa pinki komanso kukoma kowawa.

Zodyera, gulu la 1.

 

Mankhwala a porcini bowa

• Muli ndi zambiri kuposa bowa wina, vitamini A (mu mawonekedwe a carotene), B1, C ndi makamaka D.
• Bowa wa Porcini uli ndi ma amino acid ambiri - 22.
• Ntchito kuchiza zilonda, zithupsa ndi amadzimadzi njira.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chisanu: bowa amawuma (zofota), chotsitsa chimapangidwa ndipo madera owuma a thupi amathandizidwa.
• Bowa wowuma wa porcini amakhalabe ndi machiritso abwino kwambiri ndipo ndi njira yodalirika yopewera kudwala khansa.
• Kupititsa patsogolo kagayidwe.
• Iwo ali ambiri kulimbikitsa thupi pamene kutenga bowa ufa supuni 1 patsiku.
• Chepetsani kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Mu bowa wa porcini, alkaloid hercedin anapezeka, yomwe imatengedwa kwa angina pectoris, pamene chitetezo chimawonjezeka, kupweteka kwa mtima kumachepa.
• Bowa woyera uli ndi maantibayotiki omwe amapha Escherichia coli ndi tizilombo ta Koch toyambitsa matenda otsegula m’mimba. Amapanga tincture kuti athetse matenda a m'mimba.
• Monga adjuvant, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chifuwa chachikulu.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mwadongosolo kumathandiza kuthetsa matenda a m'mimba.
• Amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa riboflavin, chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa thanzi komanso kukula kwa misomali, tsitsi, khungu komanso thanzi. Riboflavin ndiyofunikira makamaka kuti chithokomiro chizigwira ntchito bwino.
• Njira yothetsera kukhumudwa.
• Kwa nthawi yaitali amakhulupirira kuti kutenga bowa woyera kumachepetsa mutu ndikuchiritsa mtima.

Mbalame yaing'ono

Количество подберезовиков в июле резко возрастает. Теперь они появляются всеместно: в болотистых местах, рядом тропинками, на полянках, под деревьями. Преимущество отдается смешанным лесам с березами ndi елями.

Boletus (birch) marsh (Leccinum holopus).

Malo okhala: paokha komanso m'magulu m'magulu a sphagnum bogs komanso m'nkhalango zonyowa zosakanizika zokhala ndi ma birch, pafupi ndi mabwalo amadzi.

Nyengo: kuyambira July mpaka kumapeto kwa September.

Kapuyo ndi mainchesi 3-10, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 16 cm, mu bowa achichepere amakhala owoneka bwino, owoneka ngati khushoni, kenako osalala, osalala kapena makwinya pang'ono. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi mtundu wa kapu - yoyera-kirimu, imvi-bluish, imvi-yobiriwira.

Phesi lake ndi lopyapyala komanso lalitali, lotuwa kapena lotuwa, ndipo lili ndi mamba oyera omwe amakhala abulauni akauma. Kutalika 5-15 cm, makulidwe 1-3 cm.

Mnofu ndi wofewa, woyera, wobiriwira pang'ono, wamadzi, wobiriwira-wobiriwira m'munsi mwa tsinde. Mnofu susintha mtundu ukadulidwa.

Tubular wosanjikiza 1,5-3 masentimita wandiweyani, woyera mu zitsanzo zazing'ono ndi zonyansa zotuwa pambuyo pake, zokhala ndi machubu ozungulira.

Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera ndi zopepuka zonona kupita ku bluish-greenish. Tubules ndi pores ndi woyera mpaka bulauni. Mwendo woyera umadetsedwa ndi ukalamba, umakhala wokutidwa ndi mamba a bulauni.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a kapu ndi ofanana ndi bowa wosadyeka wa bile (Tylopilus felleus), momwe mnofu umakhala ndi pinki komanso kukoma kowawa.

Zodyera, gulu la 2.

 

Marsh boletus, oxidizing mawonekedwe (Leccinum oxydabile).

Malo okhala: paokha komanso m'magulu m'magulu a sphagnum bogs komanso m'nkhalango zonyowa zosakanizika zokhala ndi ma birch, pafupi ndi mabwalo amadzi.

Nyengo: kuyambira July mpaka kumapeto kwa September.

Kapuyo ndi mainchesi 3-8, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 10 cm, mu bowa achichepere amakhala owoneka bwino, owoneka ngati khushoni, kenako osalala, osalala kapena makwinya pang'ono. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi mtundu wa kapu - zoyera-kirimu ndi mawanga achikasu.

Mwendo wake ndi woonda komanso wautali, wotuwa kapena wotuwa-kirimu, wokutidwa ndi mamba a kirimu wotuwa, omwe amakhala otuwa akauma. Kutalika kwa 5-15 cm, nthawi zina kufika 18 cm, makulidwe 1-2,5 cm. Chinthu chachiwiri chosiyanitsa mitunduyi ndi kuthekera kotulutsa okosijeni mwachangu, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga apinki akakhudzidwa.

Zamkati ndi zofewa, zoyera, wandiweyani, zimakhala ndi fungo la bowa pang'ono, zimasanduka pinki nthawi yopuma. The hymenophore ndi yoyera, imasanduka imvi pakapita nthawi.

Chosanjikiza cha tubular 1,2-2,5 cm wandiweyani ndi choyera mu zitsanzo zazing'ono komanso zonyansa pambuyo pake, zokhala ndi machubu ozungulira.

Kusiyanasiyana: Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera ndi zopepuka zonona kupita ku zonona za pinki. Tubules ndi pores - kuchokera oyera mpaka imvi. Mwendo woyera umadetsedwa ndi ukalamba, umakhala wokutidwa ndi mamba a bulauni-imvi.

Palibe mapasa akupha, koma kuchokera kutali, ndi mtundu wa kapu, boletus iyi imatha kusokonezedwa ndi mtundu wakupha wakupha wotuwa (Amanita phalloides), womwe, pakuwunika kwambiri, umasiyanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa grebe. mphete pa tsinde ndi Volvo m'munsi.

Zodyera, gulu la 2.

 

Boletus, kupanga hornbeam (Leccinum carpini).

Malo okhala: payekha komanso m'magulu m'nkhalango zodula.

Nyengo: kuyambira July mpaka kumapeto kwa September.

Chipewacho ndi minofu, 3-8 masentimita awiri, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 12 cm. Maonekedwe a kapu ndi hemispherical, akukhala ochepa kwambiri ndi zaka. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi granular pamwamba pa kapu ndi mtundu wa imvi-bulauni. Mu zitsanzo zazing'ono, m'mphepete mwa kapu ndi wopindika; m'zitsanzo zokhwima, zimawongoka.

Mwendo ndi woonda komanso wautali, wofiirira, wozungulira, wophimbidwa ndi mamba akuda, ochepetsetsa kumtunda.

Thupi pa nthawi yopuma limapakidwa utoto wa pinkish-violet, kenako wotuwa ndipo kenako wakuda.

Tubular wosanjikiza mpaka 2,5 cm wandiweyani wokhala ndi ma pores oyera oyera kwambiri.

Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi-bulauni mpaka phulusa-imvi, ocher komanso ngakhale yoyera. Pamene bowa likukhwima, khungu la kapu likhoza kufota, kuwonetsa ma tubules ozungulira. Pores ndi tubules poyamba ndi yoyera, ndiye imvi. Mamba pa tsinde lake amakhala yoyera poyamba, kenako kuwala chikasu, ndipo potsiriza wakuda-bulauni.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Bowa wa Bile (Tylopilus felleus) ndi ofanana pang'ono, momwe thupi limakhala ndi pinki, limakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa komanso kukoma kowawa kwambiri.

Kuphika njira: kuyanika, marinating, kumalongeza, Frying. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa mwendo musanagwiritse ntchito, komanso mu bowa akale - khungu.

Zodyera, gulu la 2.

 

Brown boletus (Leccinum brunneum).

Malo okhala: birch, coniferous ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana.

Nyengo: kuyambira June mpaka October.

Chipewacho ndi minofu, 5-14 masentimita awiri, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 16 cm. Maonekedwe a kapu ndi hemispherical yokhala ndi ubweya waubweya pang'ono, ndi zaka zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Chinthu chosiyana cha mitunduyi ndi chipewa chofiirira chokhala ndi zofiira zofiira ndi zonyezimira. Pansi pansi ndi finely porous, pores ndi kirimu-imvi, chikasu-imvi.

Mwendo ndi imvi-kirimu mu mtundu, yokutidwa motalika lonse ndi mamba wakuda, mu zitsanzo okhwima ndi mdima.

Mnofu ndi wandiweyani woyera, pa odulidwa amasanduka imvi-wakuda.

Tubular wosanjikiza mpaka 2,5 cm wandiweyani wokhala ndi ma pores oyera oyera kwambiri.

Kusiyanasiyana: Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni kupita ku bulauni-bulauni. Bowa akamakula, chikopa cha chipewacho chimatha kuchoka ku chomata ndi chonyezimira mpaka chowuma komanso chowoneka ngati matte. Pores ndi tubules poyamba ndi yoyera, ndiye chikasu-imvi. Mamba pa tsinde amakhala imvi poyamba, kenako pafupifupi wakuda.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Bowa wa Bile (Tylopilus felleus) amafanana pang'ono ndi bowa wa boletus, momwe thupi lake limakhala ndi pinkish ndipo limakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa komanso kukoma kowawa kwambiri.

Kuphika njira: kuyanika, marinating, kumalongeza, Frying. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa mwendo musanagwiritse ntchito, komanso mu bowa akale - khungu.

Zodyera, gulu la 2.

Boletus - kapu ya Orange

Boletus ndi boletus samasiyana mu dzina mu Chilatini (Leccinum). Izi sizongochitika mwangozi, chifukwa katundu wa bowawa ali pafupi. Kukoma kwa boletus yokazinga ndikokoma pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, boletus yophika pafupifupi nthawi zonse imadetsa, ndipo boletus imadetsa kwambiri. Pakati pa okonda zachilengedwe, bowa wa aspen ndi wamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kukongola ndi kukoma kwawo.

Mankhwala:

• Полный набор аминокислот.
• Mchere wambiri wa chitsulo, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
• Mavitamini ambiri A, B, B1, PP.
• Bowa wa Aspen amatsuka bwino magazi ndikutsitsa cholesterol. Ngati mutenga supuni 1 ya ufa wa boletus tsiku lililonse kwa mwezi umodzi, ndiye kuti magazi amayenda bwino.

Boletus wachikasu (Leccinum testaceoscabrum)

Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanizika, zosakanikirana ndi zapaini, zomwe zimakula payokha komanso m'magulu.

Nyengo: June - kumayambiriro kwa October.

Chipewacho ndi cholimba 4-12 masentimita awiri. Mawonekedwe a kapu ndi hemispherical, ndiye ocheperako, amagwada. Chinthu chosiyana cha mitunduyi ndi mtundu wa lalanje-wachikasu wa kapu ndi mikwingwirima yofiira. Pamwamba pamakhala velveti kapena yosalala, yowuma, komanso yomamatira pang'ono nyengo yamvula. M'munsi pamwamba ndi finely porous, pores ndi kuwala imvi kapena ocher imvi.

Kutalika kwa 5-16 cm. Katundu wachiwiri wosiyanitsa mitunduyi ndi tsinde loyera loyera lalitali lokhala ndi mamba oyera osalala popanda kukulitsa pafupi ndi maziko. Mu bowa wokhwima, mamba amadetsedwa pang'ono, makulidwe a tsinde ndi 1-2 cm.

Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, wandiweyani, woyera, panthawi yopuma amapeza mtundu kuchokera ku lilac mpaka imvi-wakuda.

Chosanjikiza cha tubular ndi choyera-choyera kapena imvi chokhala ndi timabowo tating'onoting'ono ta tubules. Spore ufa ndi bulauni-buffy.

Kusinthasintha: kapu imakhala yowuma komanso yowoneka bwino pakapita nthawi, ndipo mtundu wa kapu umasintha kuchokera kuchikasu-lalanje kukhala wofiira. Pamene bowa likukhwima, khungu la kapu likhoza kufota, kuwonetsa ma tubules ozungulira. Mamba a mwendowo amakhala oyera, kenako imvi.

Pansi pa kapu ikhoza kukhala yoyera-yachikasu mpaka imvi mumtundu.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Boletus lalanje-chikasu mumtundu wa kapu ndi wofanana ndi bowa wa porcini wonyezimira wonyezimira (Boletus edulis, f. auranti - oruber), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi phesi lakuda ngati chibonga komanso kukhalapo kwa ukonde wofiyira. phesi.

Njira zophikira: zouma, zamzitini, zokazinga, zokazinga.

Zodyera, gulu la 2.

 

Podosinovik bely (Leccinum percandidum).

Malo okhala: the mushroom is listed in the Red Book of the Federation and regional Red Books. Status – 3R (rare species). Mushrooms grow in small clearings, where there are a lot of ferns on the border of deciduous and mixed forest growth.

Nyengo: kumapeto kwa June - kumapeto kwa September.

Chipewacho ndi minofu, 5-12 masentimita awiri, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 20 cm. Maonekedwe a kapu ndi hemispherical. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zamoyozo ndi mawonekedwe amkati - izo, "monga chipewa", zimakhala ndi voliyumu yamkati (concave) poyerekeza ndi boletus ena akuluakulu ndi boletus, kumene pansi pa kapu ndi pafupifupi. Chinthu chachiwiri chosiyanitsa ndi mtundu wa kapu - kirimu, "minyanga ya njovu", yofiirira, mu bowa wakale kapu imakhala yachikasu, nthawi zina mawanga a bulauni amawonekera. Nthawi zambiri khungu limapachikidwa m'mphepete mwa kapu.

Mwendo 6-15 cm, woonda komanso wautali, cylindrical, wokhuthala pang'ono. Bowa achichepere amakhala ndi kukhuthala kwamphamvu kuchokera pansi. Mwendo ndi woyera ndi mamba, amene pafupifupi wakuda mu bowa wokhwima, 1-2,5 cm wokhuthala.

", Б елатая промин бу ая. Мякоть на срезе ножки синеет.

Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku kirimu wopepuka kupita ku bulauni wachikasu. Pamene bowa likukhwima, khungu la kapu likhoza kufota, kuwonetsa ma tubules ozungulira. Mamba pa tsinde amayamba imvi, kenako akuda.

Ядовитых двойников нет. Leccinum holopus (Leccinum holopus) ndi yothandiza kwambiri. Kufotokozera mwachidule kumapereka chithunzithunzi chazithunzi - kuchokera kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale, kusokoneza, kusokoneza, kusokoneza maganizo.

Njira zophikira. Ngakhale bowa ali ndi kukoma kwabwino, koma chifukwa chakusowa kwake ndi kuphatikizidwa mu Bukhu Lofiira, munthu sayenera kusonkhanitsa ndipo, mosiyana, amalimbikitsa kubereka mwa njira iliyonse. Osang'amba bowa, chifukwa izi zitha kupha tizilombo tambirimbiri.

Zodyera, gulu la 2.

 

Boletus burgundy wofiira (Leccinum quercinum).

Malo okhala: mtundu wosowa, umamera pachokha m'nkhalango zophukiranso zosakanizika ndi spruce, osati kutali ndi madambo.

Nyengo: Juni - Seputembala.

Chipewacho ndi cholimba, 4-10 masentimita awiri, nthawi zina mpaka 15 cm. Maonekedwe a chipewa ndi hemispherical, ofanana ndi chisoti. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wofiyira wa burgundy wa kapu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, owoneka bwino. M'munsi pamwamba ndi finely porous, pores ndi kuwala imvi kapena ocher imvi.

Kutalika kwa 5-16 cm. Chinthu chachiwiri chosiyana ndi mitunduyi ndi mwendo wa cylindrical wamtundu wofiira kapena wofiira wofiira ndi mawanga akuda.

Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, wandiweyani, woyera-kirimu, pa yopuma amakhala lilac kwa imvi-wakuda.

Chosanjikiza cha tubular ndi choyera-kirimu kapena imvi chokhala ndi ma pores ang'onoang'ono ozungulira a tubules. Spore ufa ndi bulauni-buffy.

Kusinthana: chipewa chimakhala chowuma komanso chowoneka bwino pakapita nthawi, ndipo mtundu wa chipewa umasintha kuchokera ku burgundy-wofiira mpaka burgundy. Pamene bowa likukhwima, khungu la kapu likhoza kufota, kuwonetsa ma tubules ozungulira. Pansi pa kapu ikhoza kukhala yoyera-kirimu mpaka chikasu-imvi.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Boletus burgundy-wofiira mumtundu wa kapu ndi wofanana ndi bowa wobiriwira wa lalanje (Boletus edulis, f. auranti - oruber), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi phesi lakuda ngati chibonga komanso kukhalapo kwa ma mesh ofiira. pa phesi.

Njira zophikira: zouma, zamzitini, zokazinga, zokazinga.

Zodyera, gulu la 2.

 

Boletus wofiira, kapena redhead (Leccinum aurantiacum).

Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanizika, zosakanikirana ndi zapaini, zomwe zimakula payokha komanso m'magulu.

Nyengo: июнь - конец сентября.

Chipewacho ndi chokhuthala, 5-20 cm mulifupi, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 25 cm. Mawonekedwe a chipewa ndi hemispherical, ndiye ocheperako, ogwada. Mtundu wa chipewa - lalanje, wofiira wofiira, wofiira-lalanje. Pamwamba pamakhala velveti kapena yosalala, yowuma, komanso yomamatira pang'ono nyengo yamvula. M'munsi pamwamba ndi finely porous, pores ndi kuwala imvi kapena ocher imvi.

Miyendo 5-16 cm kutalika, nthawi zina mpaka 28 cm, yayitali, yozungulira, nthawi zina ikukula molunjika m'munsi, nthawi zambiri imakhala yopindika motuwa komanso mamba opepuka. Mu bowa wokhwima, mamba amadetsedwa ndikukhala pafupifupi wakuda, makulidwe a tsinde ndi 1,5-5 cm.

Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, wandiweyani, woyera, panthawi yopuma umasintha kuchokera ku lilac kupita ku imvi-wakuda, m'munsi mwa tsinde mpaka mtundu wobiriwira wabuluu.

Chosanjikiza cha tubular ndi choyera-choyera kapena imvi chokhala ndi timabowo tating'onoting'ono ta tubules. Spore ufa - bulauni-ocherous, ocher-bulauni.

Kusinthasintha: kapu imakhala yowuma komanso yowoneka bwino pakapita nthawi, ndipo mtundu wa kapu umasintha kuchokera kuchikasu-lalanje kukhala wofiira. Pamene bowa likukhwima, khungu la kapu likhoza kufota, kuwonetsa ma tubules ozungulira. Mamba pa tsinde amayamba imvi, kenako akuda. Pansi pa kapu imatha kukhala yoyera-yachikasu mpaka imvi mumtundu.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Boletus wofiira mumtundu wa kapu ndi wofanana ndi bowa woyera wa paini (Boletus edulis, f. pinicola), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi mwendo wokhuthala ngati kalabu komanso kukhalapo kwa mawonekedwe pa mwendo wokhala ndi mikwingwirima kapena mikwingwirima.

Njira zophikira: zouma, zamzitini, zokazinga, zokazinga.

Zodyera, gulu la 2.

 

Boletus yellow-brown (Leccinum versipelle - testaceoscabrum).

Malo okhala: birch, pine ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana.

Nyengo: kumapeto kwa June - kumapeto kwa September.

Chipewacho ndi cholimba, 5-16 masentimita awiri, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 20 cm. Mawonekedwe a chipewa ndi hemispherical, convex. Chinthu chosiyana cha mitunduyi ndi mtundu wa kapu - wachikasu-bulauni, wachikasu-lalanje, lalanje wowala, wofiira-bulauni. Pamwamba pamakhala velveti kapena yosalala, yowuma, komanso yomamatira pang'ono nyengo yamvula.

Khungu nthawi zambiri limapachikidwa m'mphepete mwa kapu. M'munsi pamwamba ndi finely porous, pores ndi kuwala imvi kapena ocher imvi.

Mwendo 5-10 cm wamtali, wandiweyani komanso wautali, wowoneka ngati chibonga, wopindikira m'mwamba. Mu bowa achinyamata, tsinde kwambiri unakhuthala. Mwendo ndi woyera ndi mamba imvi, amene pafupifupi wakuda mu bowa wokhwima, 2-5 masentimita wandiweyani.

Thupi ndi wandiweyani woyera, pang'ono pinkish pa yopuma, ndiye imvi ndiyeno amakhala pinkish-wofiirira kapena auve imvi, ndi buluu wobiriwira pa tsinde.

Tubules 0,7-3 cm kutalika ndi ma pores ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Gawoli likuwonetsa ma tubules oyera oyera. Pamwamba pa tubular wosanjikiza mu bowa achichepere ndi imvi, kenako imvi-bulauni. Spore ufa - bulauni wa azitona

Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera kuchikasu-bulauni kupita ku lalanje wowala. Pamene bowa likukhwima, khungu la kapu likhoza kufota, kuwonetsa ma tubules ozungulira. Mamba pa tsinde amayamba imvi, kenako akuda.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Bowa wa bile wosadyedwa (Tylopilus felleus) ndi wofanana pang'ono, momwe mnofu wokhala ndi pinkish tinge ndi owawa kwambiri.

Njira zophikira: zouma, zamzitini, zokazinga, zokazinga.

Zodyera, gulu la 2.

Ntchentche ndi mbuzi

Ntchentche za July ndi mbuzi nthawi zambiri zimamera m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi mitengo ya thundu ndi spruces. Nthawi zambiri amakhala osawoneka bwino ndipo amabisala bwino m'masamba ndi masamba akugwa.

Flywheel yellow-brown (Suillus variegates).

Malo okhala: amamera paini ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana, payekha kapena m'magulu. Katundu wodzikundikira zinthu zovulaza: mtundu uwu uli ndi katundu wochuluka kwambiri wazitsulo zolemera, kotero muyenera kuyang'ana mosamalitsa momwe mungatolere bowa pamalo osayandikira 500 metres kuchokera misewu yayikulu ndi mabizinesi amankhwala.

Nyengo: July - October.

Chipewacho ndi masentimita 4-12 m'mimba mwake, ngati khushoni, yopingasa, yopindika, ndipo ndi msinkhu wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwake, ndimu-chikasu, chikasu-bulauni kapena maolivi. Khungu pa chipewa ndi youma, bwino-grained kapena pafupifupi kumva, kukhala bwino ndi nthawi, pambuyo mvula poterera pang'ono.

Mwendo wake ndi wozungulira, wachikasu, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a nsangalabwi wakuda, 5-8 cm wamtali, 1,5-2,5 cm wandiweyani.

Zamkati ndi zachikasu, alibe fungo ndi kukoma, pang'ono amatembenukira buluu pa odulidwa.

Tubules ndi azitona pa unyamata, kenako dzimbiri azitona.

Kusinthasintha: kapu imakhala yowuma komanso yowoneka bwino pakapita nthawi, ndipo mtundu wa kapu umasintha kuchokera ku chestnut kupita ku bulauni wakuda. Mtundu wa tsinde umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni wonyezimira ndi wachikasu-bulauni mpaka kufiira-bulauni.

Mitundu yofanana. Bowa wa ku Poland (Boletus badius) ndi wofanana, koma alibe velvety, koma kapu yachikopa ndi yamafuta.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Bowa wa Bile (Tylopilus felleus) amafanana pang'ono, momwe thupi lake limakhala ndi utoto wa pinki, ndipo chipewa ndi chofiirira, chimakhala chowawa kwambiri.

Njira zophikira: kuyanika, marinating, kuwira.

Zodyera, gulu la 3.

 

Motley moth (Boletus chrysenteron).

Malo okhala: imamera m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana, m'mphepete mwa misewu, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Bowa ndi osowa, otchulidwa m'madera ena a Red Books, kumene ali ndi udindo wa 4R.

Nyengo: July - October.

Шляпка диаметром 4-8 см, иногда до 10 см, полусферическая Отличительным свойством вида является сухая, матовая, бархатистаста, бархатистас нево-бурая, красновато-коричневая шляпка. Трещины часто имеют розовый оттенок.

Mwendo ndi cylindrical, 3-8 cm wamtali, 0,8-2 masentimita wandiweyani, wopepuka wachikasu, ofiira m'munsi. Phazi m'munsi likhoza kutsika. Nthawi zambiri mwendo umapindika, uli ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono ofiira.

Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, woyera kapena wachikasu, wofiira pansi pa khungu la kapu ndi pansi pa tsinde, pang'ono bluish pa yopuma.

Tubules ndi azitona pa unyamata, kenako dzimbiri azitona. Spores ndi olive brown.

The hymenophore ndi yotsatizana, yolekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zamkati, imakhala ndi tubules 0,4-1,2 masentimita yaitali, kirimu-chikasu, chikasu-wobiriwira, pambuyo pake azitona mumtundu, kutembenukira wobiriwira panthawi yopuma. Ma pores a tubules ndi aakulu. Spore ufa ndi wachikasu-olive-bulauni.

Kusinthasintha. Mawonedwe pawokha amasinthasintha. Pali kuwala toyesa ocher-imvi, pafupifupi wofiira ndi zofiirira, chikasu-kirimu. Pali zoderapo zofiira-bulauni komanso zofiirira. Pamene bowa likukhwima, khungu la kapu likhoza kufota, kuwonetsa ma tubules ozungulira.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Bowa wa Bile (Tylopilus felleus) amafanana pang'ono, momwe thupi lake limakhala ndi utoto wa pinki, ndipo chipewa ndi chofiirira, chimakhala chowawa kwambiri.

Njira zophikira: kuyanika, marinating, kuwira.

Zodyera, gulu la 3.

 

Mbuzi (Suillus bovines).

Malo okhala: Imamera m'nkhalango zonyowa za paini kapena nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi sphagnum bogs.

Nyengo: July - October.

Chipewa chokhala ndi mainchesi 2-8 cm, koma nthawi zina mpaka 10 cm, hemispherical, yellow-brown kapena reddish, youma ndi wandiweyani wachikasu pansi. Filimuyi sichimalekanitsa ndi kapu. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, mawonekedwe a chipewacho amaphwanyika. Pamwamba pamakhala mafuta pakagwa mvula.

Mwendo woonda, wachikasu, 3-8 cm wamtali, 0,6-2 cm wandiweyani, wopapatiza pang'ono pansipa. Mtundu wa tsinde ndi wocheperako kapena wocheperako, mtunduwo umachokera ku njerwa zachikasu mpaka zofiira.

Mnofu wake ndi wofewa wa pinki, wofiirira-wobiriwira, wotuwa-chikasu, wofiyira pang'ono akadulidwa. Zamkati alibe fungo.

Ma pores a tubular layer amawoneka bwino. Ma tubules ndi omatira, otsika, 0,3-1 masentimita kutalika, achikasu kapena azitona-chikasu mumtundu wokhala ndi ma pores akulu akulu amtundu wobiriwira wa azitona.

Hymenophore ndi yotsatizana, yolekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zamkati, imakhala ndi tubules 0,4-1,2 masentimita yaitali, kirimu-chikasu, sulfure-chikasu-wobiriwira, pambuyo pake azitona mumtundu, kutembenukira wobiriwira panthawi yopuma. Ma pores a tubules ndi aakulu komanso amakona. Spore ufa ndi wachikasu-olive-bulauni.

Изменчивость. Цвет может быть от желто-коричневого до бурого ndi ржаво-коричневого. Цвет ножки — от светло-оранжевого до темно-кирпичного.

Palibe mapasa oopsa. Bowa wa Bile (Tylopilus felleus) amafanana pang'ono, momwe thupi lake limakhala ndi utoto wa pinki, ndipo chipewa ndi chofiirira, chimakhala chowawa kwambiri.

Njira zophikira: kuyanika, marinating, kuwira.

Zodyera, gulu la 3.

Russia

Bowa wa Russula mu Julayi amalanda nkhalango zambiri. Makamaka ambiri aiwo amamera m'nkhalango, zinyalala za spruce, ngakhale mitundu ina imakonda malo achinyezi.

Russula betularm (Russula betularm).

Malo okhala: m'nkhalango zonyowa kapena zosakanikirana, pafupi ndi mitengo ya birch.

Nyengo: Juni - Okutobala.

Chomeracho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 3-8, nthawi zina mpaka 10 cm. Mawonekedwewa amayamba kukhala otukuka m'kati mwa hemispherical, kenako amakhala okhumudwa. Chinthu chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi chipewa chokhumudwa chokhala ndi zofiira-pinki pakati ndi m'mphepete mwa pinki. Khungu ndi losalala, lonyezimira, nthawi zina limakutidwa ndi ming'alu yaying'ono.

Mwendo: 4-10 mphindi длиной, 7-15 мм толщиной. Форма ножки - цилиндрическая или немного, белого цвета, ломкая. Werengani zambiri za momwe mungachitire.

Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, otakata, okhala ndi m'mphepete pang'ono. Mtundu wa mbale ndi woyamba woyera, ndiye woyera-kirimu.

Zamkati ndi zoyera, zosalimba, zimakoma mokoma.

Ma spores ndi opepuka. Spore ufa ndi wotumbululuka wachikasu.

Kusinthasintha. Mu bowa aang'ono, m'mphepete mwa kapu ndi yosalala, ndi zaka zimakhala nthiti. Mphepete mwa bowa achichepere amatha kukhala oyera kwathunthu kapena ndi pinki pang'ono, kenako pinki. Pakati ndi pinki poyamba, kenako wofiira-pinki.

kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Russula birch ndi ofanana ndi edible marsh russula (Russula paludosa), momwe m'malo mwake, pakati ndi opepuka, achikasu, ndipo m'mbali mwake ndi mdima, wofiira. Russula birch imatha kusokonezedwa ndi masanzi oyaka (Russula emitica), omwe ali ndi tsinde loyera komanso kukoma kwa peppery wakuthwa, kapu yofiyira yoyaka komanso palibe mtundu wina pakati.

Njira zophikira: Marinating, kuphika, salting, grilling.

Zodyera, gulu la 3.

 

Russula fading (Russula decolorans).

Malo okhala: coniferous, nthawi zambiri nkhalango za paini, mu moss ndi blueberries, amakula m'magulu kapena payekha.

Nyengo: July - September.

Kapuyo ndi mainchesi 4-10, nthawi zina mpaka 15 cm, poyambira ozungulira, hemispherical, kenako lathyathyathya-convex, kugwada, kukhumudwa ndi m'mbali zosalala kapena nthiti. Mtundu: wonyezimira, wofiyira lalanje, wanjerwa wa lalanje, wachikasu wonyezimira. Chipewacho chimazimiririka mosiyanasiyana pakapita nthawi, ndikupanga mawanga okhala ndi mtundu wofiyira komanso wakuda wa imvi. Khungu la bowa laling'ono ndilokhazikika, kenako louma komanso losalala.

Mwendo 5-10 cm wamtali, 1-2 masentimita wandiweyani, cylindrical, nthawi zina wopapatiza kumunsi, wandiweyani, woyera, ndiye imvi kapena chikasu.

Мякоть белая, хрупкая со сладковатым вкусом, немного острая, на разломе сереет.

Zolemba zapakatikati pafupipafupi, zoonda, zazikulu, zotsatizana, zoyera ndi utoto wachikasu kapena imvi, ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake - zakuda imvi.

Kusinthasintha. Mitundu ya kapu ndi kuzimiririka ndizosiyana: zofiirira, zofiira, zofiirira za dzimbiri, komanso ngakhale zobiriwira.

kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Russula yomwe ikutha imakhala ngati russula yoyaka ( Russula emitica ), momwe mbalezo zimakhala zoyera, thupi silimasanduka imvi ndipo limakhala ndi kukoma kowawa, mtundu wa kapu ndi wofiira-bulauni.

Njira zophikira: mwachangu, marinate,

Zodyera, gulu la 3.

 

Russula bile (Russula fellea).

Malo okhala: m'nkhalango za spruce ndi zophukira, zimamera m'magulu kapena limodzi.

Nyengo: July - September.

Kapu 4-9 masentimita m'mimba mwake, poyamba hemispherical, convex, kenako convex-prostrate kapena yathyathyathya, pang'ono kukhumudwa pakati, yosalala, youma, ndi m'mbali zosamveka, zosalala. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi udzu-wachikasu wachikasu wokhala ndi chikasu kapena chofiirira pang'ono pakati ndi m'mphepete mofiira-chikasu.

Mwendo wa 4-7 masentimita, 8-15 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, ngakhale, wandiweyani, woyera. Mtundu wa tsinde ndi msinkhu umakhala wofanana ndi udzu-wachikasu ngati wa kapu.

Zamkati. Katundu wachiwiri wosiyanitsa zamtunduwu ndi fungo la uchi wa zamkati ndi kuyaka, caustic ndi kukoma kowawa.

Mbalamezi zimakhala zoyera, kenako zimakhala zofanana ndi kapu. Masamba ambiri ndi nthambi. Ma spores ndi oyera.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wachikasu wa udzu umazimiririka pakapita nthawi ndipo mtundu wa kapuyo umakhala wachikasu chopepuka pakati ndikuwala pang'ono m'mphepete.

kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Russula wonyezimira komanso wodyedwa bwino amatha kusokonezedwa ndi russula yabwino, yokoma yachikasu (Russula claroflava), yomwe ili ndi kapu yonyezimira yachikasu kapena mandimu, koma osanunkhira.

Amakhala ndi kukoma kowawa, koma akaphika m'madzi 2-3, zowawa zimachepa, zokometsera zokometsera zimatha kukonzekera.

Amadyedwa mokhazikika chifukwa cha zokometsera ndi zowawa kukoma.

 

Russula wobiriwira (Russula aeruginea).

Malo okhala: m'nkhalango za coniferous ndi deciduous, makamaka pansi pa birch.

Nyengo: Juni - Okutobala.

Kapu 5-9 masentimita awiri, nthawi zina mpaka 15 cm, poyamba hemispherical, convex, kenako convex-prostrate kapena lathyathyathya, maganizo ndi yosalala m'mphepete kapena pang'ono nthiti. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wopepuka m'mphepete. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa kapu ndi mtundu wakuda pakati. Komanso, pali dzimbiri kapena wofiira-chikasu mawanga pakati pa kapu. Khungu limakhala lomamatira mu nyengo yonyowa, yokutidwa ndi mizere yopyapyala yozungulira.

Ножка 4-9 mphindi высотой, 8-20 мм толщиной, цилиндрическая, ровная, плотная, гладкая, блестящая, белая или с ржаво-коричнепинка. Werengani zambiri za momwe mungachitire. Ножка сереет на срезе.

Mnofu ndi wolimba, wonyezimira, wopanda fungo komanso wokoma kwambiri.

Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, opindika, omasuka kapena omatira, amatsika pang'ono patsinde, oyera kapena zonona.

Kusinthasintha. Pakapita nthawi, mthunzi wokhawo umasintha motsutsana ndi maziko a mtundu wobiriwira wamba.

Zofanana ndi zamoyo zina zodyedwa. Russula wobiriwira amatha kusokonezeka ndi russula wobiriwira (Russula virescens), momwe chipewa sichikhala chobiriwira, koma chachikasu chobiriwira, ndipo tsinde lake ndi loyera ndi mamba a bulauni pansi. Mitundu yonseyi ndi yodyedwa.

Kusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wapoizoni wa grebe wotumbululuka (Amanita phallioides): russula wobiriwira amakhala ndi tsinde lathyathyathya la mwendo, pomwe grebe yotuwa imakhala ndi mphete pamyendo ndi nyini yotupa m'munsi.

Способы приготовления: маринование, жарка, соление.

Zodyera, gulu la 3.

 

Russula luteotacta, kapena yoyera (Russula luteotacta).

Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanikirana.

Nyengo: July - September.

Kapu ndi 4-8 masentimita awiri, nthawi zina mpaka 10 cm, poyamba hemispherical, kenako convex ndi kugwada, kukhumudwa pakati. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi chipewa choyera chokhala ndi pakati pa chikasu chabulauni. Mphepete za kapu mu zitsanzo zokhwima ndizosafanana, zopindika.

Mwendo wa 4-9 cm wamtali ndi 7-20 mm wandiweyani, woyera, cylindrical, wotambasula pang'ono pansi, poyamba wandiweyani, kenaka umakhala wopanda dzenje.

Zamkati ndi zoyera, zowonongeka ndi zofooka, zowawa pang'ono.

Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, oyera kapena oyera-kirimu mumtundu. Ma spores ndi oyera.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera zoyera mpaka zachikasu ndi pakati pomwe pali matani achikasu ndi ofiirira.

kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Russula iyi ikhoza kusokonezedwa ndi russula yodyedwa (Russala farinipes), yomwe ili ndi kapu yachikasu.

Kusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wapoizoni woyera wa grebe wotumbululuka (Amanita phallioides) kuli pamaso pa mphete pa mwendo ndi volva yotupa m'munsi mwa grebe yotuwa.

Zoyenera kudya chifukwa cha kukoma kowawa.

 

Russula ocher-yellow (Russula ochroleuca).

Malo okhala: nkhalango za coniferous ndi deciduous, zimakula m'magulu ndi amodzi.

Nyengo: July - September.

Chovalacho ndi 4-10 masentimita awiri, poyamba hemispherical, kenako convex ndi kugwada, kukhumudwa pakati. Pamwamba pake ndi matte, owuma, amamatira nyengo yamvula. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wa ocher-chikasu, nthawi zina wokhala ndi utoto wobiriwira. Pakatikati pa kapu ikhoza kukhala yakuda, silt yofiirira komanso yofiira-yachikasu. Khungu limachotsedwa mosavuta.

Mwendo 4-9 cm wamtali ndi 1-2 masentimita wandiweyani, wosalala, cylindrical, woyera poyamba, kenako imvi-chikasu.

Zamkati ndi zosalimba, zoyera, ndi kukoma lakuthwa.

Mambale ndi wandiweyani, adherent, woyera kapena kuwala zonona.

Kusinthasintha. Tsinde loyera loyera limasanduka imvi ndi zaka.

Zofanana ndi zamoyo zina zodyedwa. Ocher-yellow russula amatha kusokonezeka ndi russula yachikasu yodyedwa (Russula claroflava), yomwe ili ndi chipewa chowala chachikasu ndi thupi loyera lomwe limasanduka lakuda pang'onopang'ono likadulidwa.

Kusiyanitsa ndi grebe wapoizoni (Amanita phallioides) wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi maolivi kapena kapu yachikasu ndikuti grebe yotuwa imakhala ndi mphete pamyendo ndi volva yotupa m'munsi.

Zoyenera kudya chifukwa cha kukoma kwa peppery. Oyenera kuphika zokometsera zotentha. Kuthwa kumachepa mukaphika m'madzi 2-3.

 

Russula wofiirira-wofiira (Russula obscura).

Malo okhala: nkhalango zowirira komanso zophukira, zomwe zimamera m'magulu kapena imodzi.

Nyengo: July - September.

Mankhwala:

• Russula wofiirira-wofiira ali ndi maantibayotiki olimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana - staphylococci ndi mabakiteriya oyipa - pullularia. Tinctures zochokera bowa ndi antibacterial katundu ndipo akhoza kupondereza kubalana kwa staphylococci.
• Utoto wofiirira wofiirira umagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya owopsa. Izi zimathandiza kuti amphamvu antibacterial kwenikweni.

Kapuyo ndi mainchesi 4-15, poyambira hemispherical, pambuyo pake amagwada, akukhumudwa pakati, ndi wavy, nthawi zina amakhala m'mphepete. Pamwamba pamamatira pang'ono nyengo yamvula, yowuma nyengo ina. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi mtundu waukulu wofiirira-wofiira ndipo zosiyana ndizotheka: zofiira-bluish, zofiira zofiira ndi zofiira zofiira. Mu bowa waung'ono, gawo lapakati pa kapu ndi lakuda, koma pambuyo pake limazimiririka kukhala lachikasu-bulauni.

Ножка 4-10 см высотой ndi 1-2,5 сm толщиной, цилиндрическая, плотная, к основанию немного суженная, со временем становится рых.

Mnofu ndi woyera, graying pa yopuma, ndi zosangalatsa wofatsa sanali caustic kukoma.

Mabalawa ndi 0,7-1,2 cm mulifupi, oyera mu zitsanzo zazing'ono, pambuyo pake ndi tinge yachikasu, kirimu spore ufa.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu ndi wosiyana: kuchokera ku wofiirira-wofiira mpaka bulauni-wofiira mpaka njerwa-bulauni.

kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Russula wofiirira-wofiira amatha kusokonezedwa ndi russula wosadyeka (Russula emitica), womwe uli ndi kapu yofiyira, yofiyira kapena yofiirira, tsinde lapinki m'malo, thupi loyera, pinki pansi pakhungu, ndi kukoma koyaka kwambiri.

Njira zothandizira: Marinating, salting, otentha.

Russula pinki (Russula rosea).

Malo okhala: nkhalango zodula ndi zapaini, m’magulu kapena paokha.

Nyengo: Ogasiti - Okutobala.

Chipewacho ndi mainchesi 4-10, poyambira hemispherical, pambuyo pake chimagwada, chopindika pakati, chowuma ndi m'mphepete mosalala. Pamwamba pamamatira pang'ono nyengo yamvula, yowuma nyengo ina. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi pinki, rose-wofiira, wotumbululuka wofiyira wokhala ndi mawanga oyera oyera komanso achikasu. Khungu silichotsedwa.

Mwendo 4-8 cm wamtali, 1-2,5 cm wokhuthala, waufupi, woyera poyamba, kenako pinki, fibrous, cylindrical.

Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, brittle, yoyera mu mtundu, owawa mu bowa wamng'ono, wotsekemera mu okhwima.

Mabalawa ndi opyapyala, apakati pafupipafupi, opapatiza, oyera poyamba, kenako kirimu kapena pinkish kirimu. Mabalawa amakhala okhazikika pang'ono kapena opanda.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu ndi wosiyana: kuchokera ku pinki-wofiira mpaka wachikasu-pinki.

kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Russula wapinki ndi wofanana ndi dambo la marsh russula (Russula paludosa), lomwe lili ndi chipewa chofiyira lalanje, tsinde lokhala ngati chibonga pang'ono, loyera ndi utoto wapinki. Zamkati za marsh russula zilibe kukoma kowawa, koma bowa wosangalatsa.

Bowa wodyedwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kowawa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zonunkhira. Kulawa kowawa kumatha kuchepetsedwa

 

Russula wofiirira, kapena lilac (Russula violaceae).

Malo okhala: pine, spruce ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana, zimakula m'magulu kapena paokha.

Nyengo: July - October.

Chipewacho ndi mainchesi 4-10, nthawi zina mpaka 12 cm, poyambira otukukira, hemispherical, kenako kugwada, pafupifupi lathyathyathya ndi pakati concave. Chinthu chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi chipewa chofiirira chokhala ndi m'mphepete mwake, wavy ndi mthunzi wakuda pakati. Kuphatikiza apo, m'mphepete mwa kapu amalendewera.

Mwendo uli ndi kutalika kwa 5-10 cm, makulidwe a 7-15 mm, ndi woyera, mawonekedwe a cylindrical.

Zamkati ndi zonyezimira, zoyera.

Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, amamatira, poyamba oyera, ndipo akakhwima, zonona.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku wofiirira mpaka lilac ndi bulauni-violet.

Zofanana ndi zamoyo zina zodyedwa. Russula wofiirira amatha kusokonezedwa ndi mtundu wofiirira wa brittle russula (Russula fragilis, f. violascens), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa tchipisi ndi chipewa chowoneka bwino, komanso utoto wofiirira.

Njira zophikira: pickling, salting, Frying. Bowa amalembedwa m'chigawo Red Books, udindo - 3R.

Zodyera, gulu la 4.

mtengo

Валуи в июле растут повсеместно, предпочитая высокие места. В деревнях and местах с давними традициями валуи собирают помногу, вымачивают ndi засаливают в бочках. В окрестностях больших городов их также очень много. Но здесь их почти не собирают, отдавая предпочтение другим видам. Они отличаются многообразием форм ndi размеров: от шарообразной на ножке до зонтикообразных.

Valui (Russula foetens).

Malo okhala: kusakaniza ndi birch ndi coniferous nkhalango, kukula m'magulu.

Nyengo: July - September.

Chipewacho ndi 3-15 masentimita awiri, nthawi zina mpaka 18 cm, minofu, poyamba ozungulira ndi hemispherical, ndiye kugwada lathyathyathya, nthawi zambiri ndi maganizo pang'ono pakati, slimy, zomata, ndi nthiti m'mphepete, nthawi zina akulimbana. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira mu zitsanzo zazing'ono ndi mtundu wa kapu: ocher, udzu, wachikasu wakuda, lalanje-bulauni. Khungu silichotsedwa.

Mwendo wa 3-8 masentimita, 1-2,5 masentimita wandiweyani, cylindrical, nthawi zina kutupa pakati, poyamba siponji, mtundu womwewo ndi kapu. Katundu wachiwiri wosiyanitsa mitundu yamtunduwu ndi mwendo wadzenje wokhala ndi mabowo angapo opanda kanthu.

Mnofu ndi woyera, ndiye ocher, wandiweyani mu kapu, spongy mu tsinde, lotayirira ndi zosasangalatsa fungo ndi kukoma. Fungo losasangalatsa limakulitsidwa mu bowa wakale.

Mambale ndi omatira, chikasu kapena poterera-bulauni ndi mawanga bulauni, mphanda-nthambi, pafupipafupi, kawirikawiri kutulutsa madontho amadzimadzi m'mphepete. Spore ufa ndi woyera kapena zonona.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu ukhoza kusiyana kwambiri, kuchokera ku lalanje-bulauni kupita ku chikasu chowala, ndipo masambawo amatha kusiyana ndi chikasu chowala ndi kirimu mpaka bulauni.

kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Valui ndi pang'ono ngati edible ocher-yellow russula (Russula ochroleuca), momwe kapu ya kapu ndi ocher-chikasu ndi wobiriwira kupendekera, tsinde ndi yosalala, cylindrical, yoyera. Maonekedwe a kapu ndi osiyana kwambiri: muzinthu zazing'ono komanso zokhwima, zimakhala zozungulira kapena zozungulira ndipo kenako zimakhala zosalala, monga ku russula.

Njira zophikira: salting pambuyo pretreatment.

Zodyera, gulu la 4.

Млечник ndi краснушка

Млечники ndi краснушки — все съедобные грибы. Среди них есть особенно ароматные и вкусные , например , млечники древесинные , отличающиеся необыкновенным контрастом проветов . Однако все они требуют предварительного отмачивания перед окончательной засолкой.

Mitengo yamkaka, kapena yofiirira (Lactarius lignyotus).

Malo okhala: хвойные леса, среди мха, растут обычно группами.

Nyengo: Aug. Sept.

Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 3-6 cm, wandiweyani, osalala, owoneka bwino poyamba, kenako amakhala osalala. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi kuphatikiza kwachilendo kwa mitundu: chipewa chakuda, chestnut, bulauni, mdima wandiweyani kapena wakuda, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi tubercle yodziwika pakati, mbale zowala ndi zowala komanso mwendo wakuda wakuda.

Tsinde lake ndi lalitali, 4-12 cm wamtali, 0,6-1,5 masentimita wandiweyani, cylindrical, nthawi zambiri sinuous, bulauni, wakuda, bulauni, chestnut mtundu wa kapu.

Mnofu ndi woyera, kenako pang'ono chikasu, pabuka pa odulidwa.

Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, akutsika pang'ono pa tsinde kapena adherent, kuwala kirimu kapena chikasu kirimu.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu ndi tsinde ukhoza kusiyana kuchokera ku bulauni wakuda mpaka bulauni ndi wakuda-bulauni.

kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Bowa ndi khalidwe komanso zosiyana mu mtundu wakuda wa kapu, miyendo ndi mbale zopepuka zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi ena ndipo zilibe mitundu yofanana.

Njira zophikira: kuphika, salting, kutentha.

Zodyera, gulu la 2.

 

Rubella (Lactarius subdulcis).

Malo okhala: лиственные ndi смешанные леса, растут группами.

Nyengo: July - October.

Chipewacho chili ndi mainchesi 4-9 cm, ndi wandiweyani, koma chonyezimira, chonyezimira, choyamba chowoneka bwino, pambuyo pake chimakhala chopendekera, chokhumudwa pang'ono pakati. Pamwamba pake ndi matte, osalala kapena makwinya pang'ono. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi mtundu wa dzimbiri-wofiira, wofiira-bulauni, wachikasu-bulauni.

Mwendo wa 3-7 masentimita, 0,6-1,5 masentimita wandiweyani, cylindrical, wopapatiza pang'ono m'munsi, nthawi zina ndi mikwingwirima yaitali, yosalala, bulauni.

Zamkati ndi zosalimba, zofiirira-chikasu, ndi fungo losasangalatsa pang'ono komanso kukoma kowawa.

Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, opapatiza, otsika pang'ono patsinde, ofiirira. Akadulidwa, madzi oyera amkaka amadzimadzi amatulutsidwa, poyamba okoma, koma pakapita nthawi pang'ono amayamba kulawa zowawa.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu ndi tsinde ukhoza kukhala wofiyira wofiyira mpaka woderapo.

kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Rubella ndi wofanana ndi bittersweet (Lactarius rufus), yomwe ili ndi thupi loyera m'malo mwa brownish-yellowish ndipo ili ndi tubercle yapakati.

Njira zophikira: bowa wodyedwa wokhazikika, chifukwa umafunika kuwiritsa koyambirira, pambuyo pake ukhoza kuthiridwa mchere.

Zodyera, gulu la 4.

M'gawo lomaliza la nkhaniyi, mupeza kuti ndi bowa ati omwe amamera mu Julayi.

Bowa wosadyedwa mu Julayi

Matenda a fungus (Tylopilus felleus).

M'nkhalango yowirira komanso yakuda, mawu ofuula amamveka: "Ndapeza boletus! Komanso, pali angapo a iwo! Tikayang'anitsitsa, zimakhala kuti bowawa ali ndi mbale zapinki. Patali, amawoneka ngati bowa wa porcini kapena boletus. Ena amawaphikanso. Sali ndi poizoni, koma owawa kwambiri. Izi ndi gall fungus.

Mankhwala a bowa ndulu:

• Bowa wa ndulu ali ndi choleretic kwenikweni. Kuchokera izo kukonzekera mankhwala zochizira chiwindi.

Malo okhala: malo achinyezi m'nkhalango za coniferous ndi zosakanikirana, pafupi ndi zitsa zowola, zimachitika payekha komanso m'magulu.

Nyengo: July - October.

Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 4 mpaka 15 cm, wandiweyani, wonyezimira, poyamba wozungulira, wozungulira ngati khushoni, kenako wogwada kapena wosalala. Pamwamba pake ndi velvety pang'ono, kenako yosalala, youma. Mtundu: chestnut yopepuka, yofiirira-bulauni yokhala ndi imvi, yachikasu kapena yofiira.

Mwendo wa 4-13 cm wamtali ndi 1,5-3 cm wandiweyani, woyamba cylindrical, pambuyo pake ngati chibonga pansi. Mtundu wa tsinde ndi kirimu-buff kapena chikasu-bulauni. Pamwamba pa mwendo pali mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amdima wakuda-bulauni.

Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, wandiweyani, woyera woyera, lotayirira mu bowa wakale, kutembenukira pinki pa yopuma. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi kukoma koyaka-bilious kwa zamkati, ngakhale kununkhira kumakhala kosangalatsa, bowa.

Chingwe cha tubular chimakhala chotsatira pa tsinde, nthawi zina osakhazikika. Chinthu chachiwiri chosiyanitsa mitunduyi ndi mtundu wa pinki wotumbululuka kapena wodetsedwa wa pinki wapansi ndi ma tubules. Akapanikizidwa, wosanjikizawo amakhala pinki. Mu bowa achinyamata, mtundu pafupifupi woyera. Ma pores ndi ozungulira kapena ozungulira, ochepa. Ufa wa spore - imvi-bulauni, pinki-bulauni, pinki.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu pa kukula kwa bowa umasintha kuchokera ku bulauni wonyezimira mpaka bulauni-bulauni, ndipo wosanjikiza wa tubular umasintha kuchokera kuyera kukhala pinki.

Mitundu yofanana. Ali wamng'ono, pamene ma tubules ali oyera, bowa wa ndulu amatha kusokonezeka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ceps. Komabe, zamkati za bowa zoyera ndizopanda pake komanso zoyera, sizisintha mtundu zikasweka ndipo, zofunika kwambiri, sizikhala ndi kukoma kowawa kwambiri.

Zosadyeka, khalani ndi kukoma kowawa.

 

Sungani

July zoyandama zimaonekera bwino mu udzu. Bowa wokongola, wowonda, wokhala ndi tsinde lalitali, ngakhale ndi wosadyedwa, nthawi zonse amakopa otola bowa.

Zoyandama zoyera (Amanita nivalis).

Malo okhala: zobiriwira komanso zosakanikirana ndi nkhalango za birch, zimakula m'magulu kapena paokha.

Nyengo: Ogasiti - Okutobala.

Kapu ndi yopyapyala, imakhala ndi mainchesi 3-6 cm, poyambira ovoid, pambuyo pake imakhala yopingasa komanso yosalala. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi chipewa chaching'ono choyera ngati chipale chofewa chokhala ndi tubercle yowoneka bwino, yokhala ndi mthunzi m'mphepete ndi tsinde lalitali komanso lopyapyala lokhala ndi Volvo. Mphepete mwa kapu imakhala yosalala poyamba, kenako imakhala yozungulira.

Ножка длинная 5-16 см высотой, 5-10 мм толщиной, гладкая, сначала белая, позже светло-кремовая с крупными чешуйками.

Zamkati: yoyera, yamadzi, yonyezimira, yopanda fungo.

Пластинки свободные, частые, мягкие, белые.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka zoyera ndi tubercle.

Mitundu yofananira. Zoyandama zoyera ngati chipale chofewa zosadyedwa ndizofanana ndi tinthu tating'ono ta toadstool (Amanita citrine), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mphete yayikulu yoyera patsinde ndi chipewa chokhuthala.

Zosadyedwa.

 

Kuyandama ocher-imvi (Amanitopsis lividopallescens).

Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanizika, zimamera m'magulu kapena paokha.

Nyengo: Ogasiti - Okutobala.

Kapu ndi yopyapyala, imakhala ndi mainchesi 3-7 cm, poyambira hemispherical, pambuyo pake imakhala yopingasa komanso yosalala. Chinthu chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi chipewa cha ocher-gray chokhala ndi tubercle yosamveka, malo osagwirizana ndi m'mphepete mwa nthawi. Mu zitsanzo zazing'ono, chigawo chapakati cha kapu ndi chopepuka, pafupifupi choyera.

Mwendo ndi woonda, wautali, 5-12 cm wamtali, 6-15 mm wandiweyani.

Pamwamba pa mwendo ndi yoyera, pansi ndi mtundu wofanana ndi chipewa. Pansi pa mwendo ndi wandiweyani.

Zamkati: zoyera, zopanda fungo.

Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, ofewa, oyera, osakhazikika.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku ocher imvi mpaka yoyera komanso yachikasu.

Mitundu yofananira. Zoyandama zasiliva zosadyeka ndizofanana ndi mtundu wapoizoni wotuwa wa grebe (Amanita phalloides), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mphete yayikulu patsinde komanso kusakhalapo kwa mthunzi m'mphepete mwa kapu.

Zosadyedwa.

 

Ma toadstools otuwa.

• Pale grebes ndi poizoni wakupha, chifukwa chake ndi ma grebes.

Pale grebe, mawonekedwe oyera (Amanita phalloides).

Malo okhala: nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanizika, pa dothi lokhala ndi humus, zimamera m'magulu kapena limodzi.

Nyengo: August-November.

Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 6-15 cm, poyambira hemispherical, kenako ma convex. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi yosalala yoyera yoyera pamwamba pa kapu yopanda mamba ndi tsinde lokhala ndi Volvo ndi mphete yotakata.

Mwendo 6-16 cm wamtali, 9-25 mm wandiweyani, woyera, wosalala. Kumtunda kwa mwendo, zitsanzo zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mphete yoyera yambiri. mphete ikhoza kuzimiririka pakapita nthawi. Pansi pa mwendo pali tuberous thickening, yokutidwa ndi Volvo.

Zamkati: woyera, wachikasu pansi pa khungu, ndi fungo losaoneka bwino ndi kukoma.

Mambale ndi aulere, pafupipafupi, ofewa, amfupi, oyera.

Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasintha pang'ono - umakhala woyera kapena woyera ndi mawanga apinki.

Mitundu yofananira. Muyenera kusamala makamaka potolera nkhwazi zodyedwa - dambo (Agaricus campestris), spore (Agaricus macrosporus), munda (Agaricus arvensis). Ma shampignon onsewa ali aang'ono amakhala ndi mbale zopepuka zokhala ndi chikasu pang'ono kapena zowoneka bwino zapinki komanso zipewa zowala. Pamsinkhu uwu, akhoza kusokonezedwa ndi grebe wakupha wakupha. Akakula, mu ma shampignons onsewa, mbale zimakhala zofiirira, pinki, zofiirira, pomwe mu grebe wotumbululuka amakhala oyera.

Zakupha zakupha!

 

Wolankhula waxy (Clitocybe cerussata).

Pakati olankhula, ambiri inedible ndipo ngakhale chakupha bowa. Amatha kusiyanitsa ndi tsinde looneka ngati koni ndi mbale zokwawa pa tsinde. Mu July, mmodzi mwa owopsa kwambiri amapezeka - wolankhula waxy.

Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za coniferous, mu udzu, pa dothi lamchenga, zimakula paokha kapena m'magulu.

Nyengo: July - September.

Chovalacho ndi 3-7 masentimita m'mimba mwake, choyamba chowoneka bwino, kenako n'kugwada ndi kukhumudwa. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi chipewa choyera kapena choyera chokhala ndi madera oyera komanso m'mphepete mwa wavy.

Mwendo 3-6 cm wamtali, 4-12 mm wandiweyani, kirimu kapena woyera ndi kuwonda ndi pubescence m'munsi.

Mnofu ndi woyera, wonyezimira, ndi fungo losasangalatsa.

Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, opapatiza, otsika kwambiri patsinde, oyera poyamba, kenako oyera-kirimu. Ufa wa spore ndi woyera.

Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka minyanga ya njovu ndi zoyera zoyera.

Mitundu yofananira. Wolankhula waxy ndi wofanana ndi wolankhula mozunguzika wapoizoni (Clitocybe dealbata), yemwe ali wooneka ngati funnel ndipo amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu la ufa.

Chapoizoni.