“Osamangotopa”: Kuzindikira ndi Kugonjetsa Kupsinjika Maganizo Pambuyo Pakubereka

Momwe Mungadziwire Ngati Zakuchitikirani: Zizindikiro za Postpartum Depression

Ndinkakayikira kuti patatha sabata imodzi nditabereka mwana. Pambuyo pake, ndinazindikira kuti ndinali ndi pafupifupi 80% ya zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi chithunzi chachipatala cha matendawa. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kupsinjika maganizo pambuyo pobereka ndizo kupsinjika maganizo, kudzimva kuti ndinu kholo loipa, kusokonezeka kwa kugona ndi chilakolako, ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi. Azimayi ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa amabwera ndi malingaliro osiyana okhudza kuvulaza mwana wawo (kusiyana kumatanthawuza malingaliro okhwima omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe munthu amazilakalaka. - Pafupifupi. sayansi ed.).

Ngati kuvutika maganizo sikukulitsidwa ndi psychosis, mkazi samagonja kwa iwo, koma amayi omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matendawa, limodzi ndi maganizo ofuna kudzipha, akhoza kupha mwana wawo. Ndipo osati chifukwa cha mkwiyo, koma chifukwa cha chikhumbo chofuna kuti moyo ukhale wosavuta kwa iye ndi kholo loipa. Mtsikana wina wazaka 20, dzina lake Margarita, anati: “Ndinali ngati masamba, ndinkagona pabedi tsiku lonse. - Choyipa kwambiri chinali kumvetsetsa kuti palibe chomwe chingabwezedwenso. Mwana amakhala kosatha, ndipo ndimaganiza kuti moyo wanga sulinso wanga. Margarita anadabwa ndi mimba chifukwa chakuti zinthu zinasokonekera chifukwa cha ubwenzi wolimba ndi mwamuna wake komanso mavuto azachuma.

"Mimbayo inali yosavuta, popanda toxicosis, kuopseza kupititsa padera, kutupa ndi kulemera kwakukulu. <...> Ndipo pamene mwanayo anali ndi miyezi iwiri, ndinayamba kulemba kwa anzanga kuti moyo wanga wasanduka gehena. Ndinkalira nthawi zonse,” anatero Marina wazaka 24. - Kenako ndinayamba kugwidwa ndi ziwawa: Ndinaphwanya amayi anga. Ndinkafuna kupulumutsidwa ku umayi wanga ndipo ndinkagawana nane zovuta ndi zovuta. Pamene mwanayo anali ndi miyezi isanu, zonse zinali zovuta kwa ine: kuyenda, kupita kwinakwake, kupita ku dziwe. Marina nthawi zonse ankalota za mwana; kupsinjika maganizo kumene kunamuchitikira kunali kosayembekezereka kwa iye.

“Moyo wanga, umene ndinamanga njerwa ndi njerwa ndendende mmene ndinaukondera, unagwa mwadzidzidzi,” awa ndi mawu a Sofia wazaka 31 zakubadwa. “Zonse zidalakwika, palibe chomwe chidandiyendera. Ndipo sindinawone chiyembekezo chilichonse. Ndinkangofuna kugona ndi kulira. "

Sophia anathandizidwa ndi achibale ndi abwenzi, mwamuna wake anathandiza ndi mwanayo, koma sanathe kupirira kuvutika maganizo popanda thandizo lachipatala. Kaŵirikaŵiri, matenda amaganizo a pambuyo pa kubadwa samazindikiridwa chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro zawo zofala (monga kutopa ndi kusowa tulo) zimaoneka ngati mbali ya umayi kapena zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malingaliro oipa a amuna kapena akazi.

“Mumayembekezera chiyani? Inde, amayi samagona usiku!", "Kodi mumaganiza kuti linali tchuthi?", "Zoonadi, ana ndi ovuta, ndinaganiza zokhala mayi - khalani oleza mtima!" Zonsezi zitha kumveka kuchokera kwa achibale, madokotala, ndipo nthawi zina kuchokera kwa akatswiri olipidwa ngati alangizi oyamwitsa.

M'munsimu ndatchula zizindikiro za postpartum depression. Mndandandawu umachokera ku ICD 10 deta yokhudzana ndi kuvutika maganizo, koma ndidawonjezerapo ndikulongosola momwe ndikumvera.

• Kumva chisoni/kupanda pake/kunjenjemera. Ndipo sikumangokhalira kuganiza kuti kukhala mayi n’kovuta. Nthawi zambiri, malingaliro awa amatsagana ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti simungathe kulimbana ndi zinthu zatsopano.
• Kulira popanda chifukwa chenicheni.
• Kutopa ndi kusowa mphamvu zomwe sizidzabwezeredwa ngakhale mutagona kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Kulephera kusangalala ndi zomwe kale zinali chimwemwe - kutikita minofu, kusamba kotentha, filimu yabwino, kukambirana kwachete ndi nyali za makandulo, kapena msonkhano womwe ukuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndi mnzanu (mndandandawu ndi wopanda malire).
• Kuvuta kukhazikika, kukumbukira, kupanga zisankho. Simungathe kukhazikika, mawu samabwera m'maganizo mukafuna kunena zinazake. Simukumbukira zomwe munakonza kuchita, m'mutu mwanu mumakhala chifunga.
• Kulakwa. Mukuganiza kuti muyenera kukhala bwino pa umayi kuposa momwe muliri. Mumaganiza kuti mwana wanu akuyenera zambiri. Mumadabwa ngati amamvetsa kuopsa kwa vuto lanu ndipo amaona kuti simukusangalalanso ndi kukhala naye.

• Kusakhazikika kapena kuda nkhawa kwambiri. Zimakhala maziko zinachitikira, kumene palibe mankhwala oziziritsa kapena ulesi njira kuthetsa kwathunthu. Winawake panthawiyi amaopa zinthu zenizeni: imfa ya okondedwa, maliro, ngozi zoopsa; ena amawopsya kwambiri.
• Kukhumudwa, kukwiya, kukwiya kapena mkwiyo. Mwana, mwamuna, achibale, abwenzi, aliyense akhoza kukwiyitsa. Chiwaya chosasambitsidwa chingayambitse mkwiyo.
• Kusafuna kuwona abale ndi abwenzi. Kusayanjana sikungasangalatse inu ndi achibale anu, koma palibe chomwe chingachitidwe.
• Zovuta kupanga kugwirizana maganizo ndi mwana. Zikuwoneka kwa inu kuti muli kutali kwambiri ndi mwanayo. Mwina mukuganiza kuti akufunika mayi wina. Zimakhala zovuta kuti mumvetsere kwa mwanayo, kulankhulana naye sikubweretsa chisangalalo, koma, m'malo mwake, kumawonjezera mkhalidwewo ndikuwonjezera kudzimva wolakwa. Nthawi zina mungaganize kuti simukonda mwana wanu.
• Kukayika za kuthekera kwawo kusamalira mwana. Mukuganiza kuti mukulakwitsa chilichonse, kuti akulira chifukwa simumugwira bwino ndipo simungamvetse zosowa zake.
• Kugona kosalekeza kapena, mosiyana, kulephera kugona, ngakhale pamene mwanayo akugona. Kusokonezeka kwina kwa kugona kungachitike: mwachitsanzo, mumadzuka usiku ndipo simungathe kugona, ngakhale mutatopa kwambiri. Zikhale choncho, kugona kwanu ndi koopsa kwambiri - ndipo zikuwoneka kuti izi siziri chifukwa chakuti muli ndi mwana yemwe amakuwa usiku.
• Kusokonekera kwa njala: mumatha kukhala ndi njala nthawi zonse, kapena simungathe kudzipatulira ngakhale chakudya chochepa.

• Kupanda chidwi kwenikweni pa kugonana.
• Mutu ndi kupweteka kwa minofu.
• Kudzimva wopanda chiyembekezo. Zikuoneka kuti dziko lino silidzatha. Mantha owopsa kuti zochitika zovutazi zili ndi inu kwamuyaya.
• Malingaliro odzivulaza nokha ndi/kapena mwana. Matenda anu amakhala osapiririka moti chikumbumtima chimayamba kufunafuna njira yotulukira, nthawi zina yoopsa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri malingaliro oterowo amakhala ovuta, koma mawonekedwe awo omwe amakhala ovuta kupirira.
• Maganizo akuti ndi bwino kufa kusiyana ndi kupitiriza kukhala ndi maganizo onsewa.

Kumbukirani: ngati muli ndi maganizo ofuna kudzipha, mukufunikira thandizo mwamsanga. Kholo lirilonse lingakhale ndi chizindikiro chimodzi kapena ziŵiri kuchokera pamndandanda umene uli pamwambawu, koma zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimatsatiridwa ndi mphindi zakukhala bwino ndi kukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Anthu amene amadwala matenda ovutika maganizo pambuyo pobereka nthawi zambiri amapeza zizindikiro zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimangochitika nthawi imodzi, ndipo sizitha kwa milungu ingapo.

Ngati muwona mawonetseredwe anayi kapena kuposerapo kuchokera pandandanda mwa inu nokha ndikuzindikira kuti mwakhala nawo kwa milungu yoposa iwiri, iyi ndi nthawi yopempha thandizo kwa dokotala. Kumbukirani kuti matenda a postpartum depression akhoza kupangidwa ndi katswiri, ndipo osati bukuli.

Momwe mungadziyesere nokha: Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Rating Scale

Pofuna kudziwa za kuvutika maganizo pambuyo pobereka, akatswiri a maganizo a ku Scotland, JL Cox, JM Holden ndi R. Sagowski anapanga njira yotchedwa Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale mu 1987.

Ili ndi funso lazinthu khumi. Kuti mudziwe nokha, tsindikirini yankho lomwe likugwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe mwamvera m'masiku asanu ndi awiri apitawa (zofunika: OSATI momwe mukumvera lero).

1. Ndinatha kuseka ndikuwona mbali yoseketsa ya moyo:

• Nthawi zambiri monga mwachizolowezi (0 mfundo)
• Zocheperako pang'ono kuposa nthawi zonse (pointi imodzi)
• Zocheperapo kuposa nthawi zonse (2 mfundo)
• Ayi (3 mfundo)

2. Ndinayang'ana m'tsogolo mosangalala:

• Pamlingo womwewo monga mwachizolowezi (0 mfundo)
• Zocheperapo nthawi zonse (pointi imodzi)
• Zocheperapo kuposa nthawi zonse (2 mfundo)
• Pafupifupi konse (3 mfundo)

3. Ndinadziimba mlandu zinthu zikavuta:

• Inde, nthawi zambiri (mfundo zitatu)
• Inde, nthawi zina (2 mfundo)
• Nthawi zambiri (1 point)
• Pafupifupi konse (0 mfundo)

4. Ndinali ndi nkhawa komanso nkhawa popanda chifukwa:

• Pafupifupi konse (0 mfundo)
• Zosowa kwambiri (1 point)
• Inde, nthawi zina (2 mfundo)
• Inde, nthawi zambiri (3 mfundo)

5. Ndinachita mantha ndi mantha popanda chifukwa chenicheni:

• Inde, nthawi zambiri (3 mfundo)
• Inde, nthawi zina (2 mfundo)
• Ayi, osati kawirikawiri (1 mfundo)
• Pafupifupi konse (0 mfundo)

6. Sindinapirire ndi zinthu zambiri:

• Inde, nthawi zambiri sindinapirire konse (mfundo zitatu)
• Inde, nthawi zina sindinkachita bwino monga momwe ndimachitira nthawi zonse (2 mfundo)
• Ayi, nthawi zambiri ndimachita bwino (1 point)
• Ayi, ndachita bwino monga kale (0 mfundo)

7. Sindinasangalale kotero kuti sindimagona bwino:

• Inde, nthawi zambiri (mfundo zitatu)
• Inde, nthawi zina (2 mfundo)
• Nthawi zambiri (1 point)
• Ayi (0 mfundo)

8. Ndinali wachisoni komanso wosasangalala:

• Inde, nthawi zambiri (3 mfundo)
• Inde, nthawi zambiri (2 mfundo)
• Nthawi zambiri (1 point)
• Ayi (0 mfundo)

9. Sindinasangalale moti ndinalira:

• Inde, nthawi zambiri (3 mfundo)
• Inde, nthawi zambiri (2 mfundo)
• Nthawi zina (1 point)
• Ayi, ayi (0 mfundo)

10. Lingaliro linadza m’maganizo mwanga kuti ndidzipweteka ndekha:

• Inde, nthawi zambiri (3 mfundo)
• Nthawi zina (2 points)
• Pafupifupi ayi (1point)
• Ayi (0points)

chifukwa

0-8 mfundo: mwayi wochepa wa kukhumudwa.

8-12 mfundo: mwina, mukuchita ndi ana blues.

13-14 mfundo: kuthekera kwa postpartum depression, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa.

15 mfundo kapena kupitilira apo: kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kupsinjika kwachipatala.