Katswiri wa zamaganizo, psychotherapist, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst: pali kusiyana kotani?

Anthu ambiri amasokoneza akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi psychotherapists. Tiyeni tiyang'ane nazo izi: akatswiriwo nthawi zonse sagawana nawo ntchito zawo ndipo sangathe kufotokozera momveka bwino kusiyana pakati pa uphungu ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi magawo a chithandizo. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri a uphungu a Rollo May ndi Carl Rogers amawona njirazi ngati zosinthika.

Ndipotu, akatswiri onsewa akugwira ntchito "zokambirana zochiritsa", amakumana mwachindunji ndi kasitomala kuti amuthandize kusintha maganizo ndi khalidwe lake.

Carl Rogers anati: “Kale kunali chizolowezi kuitana “uphungu” anthu osakwatiwa kapena ongoyang’ana chabe, ndipo kulankhulana kwamphamvu ndi kwautali komwe cholinga chake chinali kukonzanso umunthu wake kumatchulidwa ndi mawu akuti “psychotherapy” … uphungu wozama komanso wopambana sikusiyana ndi psychotherapy yozama komanso yopambana »¹.

Komabe, pali zifukwa za kusiyana kwawo. Tiyeni tiyese kuona kusiyana pakati pa akatswiri.

Kusiyana pakati pa psychologist ndi psychotherapist ndi psychiatrist

Katswiri wina wa zamaganizo m’malo ochezera a pa Intaneti moseka analongosola kusiyanako motere: “Ukayang’ana munthu amene amakukwiyitsa, sungathe kufotokoza zakukhosi kwako ndi kulingalira” kumumenya m’mutu ndi poto yokazinga! ”- muyenera katswiri wa zamaganizo. Ngati mwabweretsa kale Frying poto pamutu pake, muyenera kuwona psychotherapist. Ngati mukumugunda kale ndi poto yokazinga m'mutu mwake ndipo simungathe kusiya, ndi nthawi yoti muwone dokotala wamisala. "

Katswiri wa zamaganizo-mlangizi 

Uyu ndi katswiri yemwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba a zamaganizo, koma sanaphunzitsidwe ndi psychotherapy ndipo alibe chiphaso chovomerezeka chomwe chimamulola kuchita nawo ntchito za psychotherapeutic. 

Katswiri wa zamaganizo amachita zokambirana, komwe amathandiza wofuna chithandizo kuti amvetsetse mtundu wina wa moyo, womwe nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi maubwenzi apakati. Uphungu wamaganizo ukhoza kungokhala pa msonkhano umodzi ndi kusanthula mutu umodzi wapadera, mwachitsanzo, "mwana akunama", "Ine ndi mwamuna wanga timalumbira nthawi zonse", kapena misonkhano ingapo ingapitirire, nthawi zambiri mpaka 5-6.

Pogwira ntchito, katswiri wa zamaganizo amathandiza mlendo wake kuti amvetsetse malingaliro, malingaliro, zosowa, zochitika, kuti pakhale zomveka komanso kuthekera kochita zolinga ndi zomveka. Njira yake yayikulu yachikoka ndiyo kukambirana komangidwa mwanjira inayake.¹.

Achipatala

Uyu ndi katswiri yemwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba azachipatala komanso (kapena) maphunziro amisala. Walandira maphunziro a psychotherapy (osachepera zaka 3-4) zomwe zimaphatikizapo chithandizo chaumwini ndikugwira ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito. The psychotherapist amagwira ntchito mwanjira inayake ("Gestalt therapy", "chidziwitso-khalidwe labwino", "existential psychotherapy"), pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.

Psychotherapy idapangidwa makamaka kuti ithetse mavuto akuya amunthu, omwe amayambitsa zovuta zambiri ndi mikangano ya moyo wake. Zimaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito ndi zoopsa, komanso ndi matenda ndi zochitika zam'malire, koma kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamaganizidwe. 

“Makasitomala a katswiri wopereka uphungu wa zamaganizo kaŵirikaŵiri amagogomezera mbali yoipa ya ena m’kutuluka kwa mavuto a moyo wawo,” akulemba motero Yulia Aleshina. Makasitomala omwe ali ndi ntchito zakuya amakhala ndi nkhawa kuti sangathe kuwongolera ndikuwongolera zamkati mwawo, zosowa, ndi zilakolako zawo. 

Awo amene amapita kwa dokotala wa zamaganizo kaŵirikaŵiri amalankhula za mavuto awo monga awa: “Sindingathe kudziletsa, ndimakhala wokwiya msanga, nthaŵi zonse ndimakalipira mwamuna wanga” kapena “Ndimachitira nsanje kwambiri mkazi wanga, koma ndimamuchitira nsanje.” sindikudziwa za kuperekedwa kwake." 

Psychotherapy, monga uphungu, imatanthauza kusagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndiko kuti, kukhudza maganizo. Koma njira ya chithandizocho imatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo imayang'ana pamisonkhano yambiri kapena mazana ambiri pazaka zingapo.

Kuphatikiza apo, katswiri wazamisala ndi psychotherapist amatha kutumiza kasitomala yemwe akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi matenda amisala kwa dokotala wamisala, kapena kugwira nawo ntchito limodzi.

Psychiatrist 

Uyu ndi katswiri yemwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba azachipatala. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa psychiatrist ndi psychotherapist? Katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi dokotala yemwe amawona ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto la maganizo. Amazindikira ndi kuchiza anthu omwe maganizo awo kapena malingaliro awo enieni amasokonezeka, omwe khalidwe lawo limavulaza munthuyo kapena anthu ena. Mosiyana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi psychotherapist (omwe alibe maphunziro a zachipatala), ali ndi ufulu wopereka ndi kupereka mankhwala.

Psychoanalyst 

Uyu ndi psychotherapist yemwe ali ndi njira ya psychoanalysis, membala wa International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA). Maphunziro a Psychoanalytic amatenga zaka zosachepera 8-10 ndipo amaphatikiza maphunziro aukadaulo ndi azachipatala, zaka zambiri zowunikira payekha (osachepera katatu pa sabata) ndikuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi.

Kusanthula kumatenga nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi zaka 4 7. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndi kuthandiza wodwalayo kuzindikira mikangano yake yosadziwika (yomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zake zamakhalidwe ndi malingaliro zimabisika) ndikupeza "Ine" wokhwima. Mtundu wopepuka wa kusanthula ndi psychoanalytic therapy (mpaka zaka 3-4). Mwachidule, uphungu.

Katswiri wa psychoanalyst amasiyana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ndi njira zamaganizo, amasanthula maloto ndi mayanjano. Chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yake ndi chidwi chapadera pa ubale ndi kasitomala, kusanthula komwe kumagwirizana ndi kusamutsidwa ndi kutsutsa kumatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zowonjezera ndi kukulitsa mwayi wa chikoka. 

Kuwunika kwa zigawo zakuya za psyche kumabweretsa kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika ndi machitidwe a pathogenic ndikuthandizira kuthetsa mavuto aumwini.

Akatswiri a zamaganizo, psychotherapists ndi psychoanalysts amagwiritsa ntchito njira ndi njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zonse samalankhula chinenero chimodzi. Ndipo komabe amagawana cholinga chimodzi, chomwe katswiri wa zamaganizo a Rollo May adapanga motere: "Ntchito ya mlangizi ndiyo kutsogolera kasitomala kuti atenge udindo pazochitika zake ndi zotsatira zomaliza za moyo wake."

3 mabuku pamutuwu:

• Claudia Hochbrunn, Andrea Bottlinger "Heroes of books at the reception of psychotherapist. Kuyenda ndi dokotala kudzera m'masamba a zolemba "

• Judith Herman Trauma and Healing. Zotsatira zachiwawa - kuchokera ku nkhanza kupita ku zigawenga zandale »

• Lori Gottlieb "Kodi mukufuna kulankhula za izo? Psychotherapist. Makasitomala ake. Ndipo chowonadi timachibisa kwa ena ndi ife eni.”

^{1 Carl Rogers Counselling and Psychotherapy}

2 Yulia Aleshina "uphungu wamaganizidwe amunthu payekha komanso banja"