Sebastian Hafner ndi mtolankhani wa ku Germany komanso wolemba mbiri yakale yemwe analemba buku lakuti The Story of a German ali ku ukapolo mu 1939 (lofalitsidwa m'Chirasha ndi Ivan Limbach Publishing House). Tikukupatsirani gawo la buku lomwe wolemba amalankhula za unyamata, chikondi ndi kudzoza panthawi yamavuto azachuma.
Chaka chimenecho, oŵerenga nyuzipepala analinso ndi mwayi wochita nawo maseŵero ochititsa chidwi a manambala, ofanana ndi amene ankasewera panthaŵi yankhondoyo ndi deta ya chiwerengero cha akaidi ankhondo kapena zofunkha pankhondo. Panthawiyi ziwerengerozo sizinagwirizane ndi zochitika zankhondo, ngakhale kuti chaka chinayamba mwankhanza, koma ndi zosasangalatsa, tsiku ndi tsiku, nkhani za kusinthanitsa katundu, zomwe ndi ndalama zosinthanitsa ndi dola. Kusintha kwa kusintha kwa ndalama za dollar kunali barometer, malingana ndi zomwe, ndi chisakanizo cha mantha ndi chisangalalo, iwo adatsatira kugwa kwa chizindikiro. Zambiri zitha kutsatiridwa. Pamene dola inakwera, m'pamenenso tinatengeka mosasamala kupita kumalo ongopeka.
Ndipotu, kutsika kwamtengo wapatali sikunali kwachilendo. Kale kwambiri mu 1920, ndudu yoyamba imene ndinasuta mobisa inagula 50 pfennigs. Pofika kumapeto kwa 1922, mitengo kulikonse inali itakwera kuwirikiza kakhumi kapena ngakhale zana limodzi mlingo wawo wa nkhondo isanayambe, ndipo dolayo tsopano inali yamtengo wapatali pafupifupi ma mark 500. Koma ndondomekoyi inali yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika, malipiro, malipiro ndi mitengo inakwera mochuluka mofanana. Zinali zosokoneza pang'ono kusokoneza ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku polipira, koma osati zachilendo. Iwo ankangolankhula za «kuwonjezeka kwina kwa mtengo», palibenso. M’zaka zimenezo, pali chinthu chinanso chimene chinkatidetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri.
Ndiyeno chizindikirocho chinkawoneka kuti chakwiya. Nkhondo ya Ruhr itatha, dolayo inayamba kuwononga 20, inagwira kwa nthawi ndithu pa chizindikiro ichi, inakwera mpaka 000, inazengereza pang'ono ndikudumpha ngati pa makwerero, kudumpha pa makumi ndi mazana a zikwi. Palibe amene ankadziwa zomwe zinachitika. Tikusisita m’maso mwathu modabwa, tinayang’ana kukwera m’njiramo ngati kuti chinali chodabwitsa chosaoneka. Dola idakhala mutu wathu watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo tidayang'ana pozungulira ndikuzindikira kuti kukwera kwa dola kwawononga moyo wathu wonse watsiku ndi tsiku.
Anthu omwe anali ndi ma depositi ku banki yosungira ndalama, kubwereketsa nyumba kapena ndalama m'mabungwe odziwika bwino angongole adawona momwe zonsezi zidazimiririka m'kuphethira kwa diso.
Posachedwapa panalibe chilichonse chomwe chinatsalira m'mabanki osungira ndalama, kapena chuma chachikulu. Zonse zinasungunuka. Ambiri amasamutsa ndalama zomwe amasungira kuchokera ku banki imodzi kupita ku ina kuti asagwe. Posakhalitsa zinaonekeratu kuti chinachake chachitika chimene chinawononga mayiko onse ndikuwongolera maganizo a anthu ku mavuto ovuta kwambiri.
Mitengo ya zakudya inayamba kuchulukirachulukira pamene amalonda ankathamangira kukweza ndalamazo pakukwera kwa dola. Politi imodzi ya mbatata, yomwe m'mawa idagula ma mark 50, idagulitsidwa madzulo kwa 000; malipiro a ma mark 100 omwe anabweretsedwa kunyumba Lachisanu sanali okwanira pa paketi ya ndudu Lachiwiri.
Kodi zikanayenera kuchitika ndi chiyani pambuyo pake? Mwadzidzidzi, anthu adapeza chilumba chokhazikika: masheya. Unali njira yokhayo yosungitsira ndalama yomwe mwanjira ina inalepheretsa kuchepa kwa mtengo. Osati nthawi zonse komanso osati mofanana, koma masheya adatsika osati pa liwiro lothamanga, koma pakuyenda.
Choncho anthu anathamangira kukagula ma sheya. Aliyense anakhala ogawana nawo: wogwira ntchito zazing'ono, wogwira ntchito m'boma, ndi wogwira ntchito. Magawo amalipira pogula tsiku lililonse. Pamasiku olipira malipiro ndi malipiro, kuukira kwakukulu kumabanki kunayamba. Mtengo wamasheya unakwera ngati roketi. Mabanki anali odzaza ndi ndalama. Mabanki osadziwika kale adakula ngati bowa mvula itatha ndipo adalandira phindu lalikulu. Malipoti a katundu watsiku ndi tsiku amawerengedwa mwachidwi ndi aliyense, wamng'ono ndi wamkulu. Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, mtengo wagawo uwu kapena uwo unagwa, ndipo ndi kulira kwa ululu ndi kuthedwa nzeru, miyoyo ya zikwi ndi zikwi inagwa. M'masitolo onse, masukulu, m'mabizinesi onse amanong'onezana kuti masheya anali odalirika masiku ano.
Choyipa kwambiri chinali ndi anthu akale komanso anthu osagwira ntchito. Ambiri adasauka, ambiri adadzipha. Achinyamata, osinthasintha, zomwe zikuchitika panopa zapindula. Usiku wonse iwo anakhala omasuka, olemera, odziimira okha. Panabuka momwe inertia ndi kudalira zomwe zidachitika m'moyo wam'mbuyomu zidalangidwa ndi njala ndi imfa, pomwe liwiro lakuchitapo komanso kuthekera kowunika bwino momwe zinthu zidasinthira kwakanthawi zidalipidwa ndi chuma chadzidzidzi chambiri. Atsogoleri a mabanki azaka XNUMX ndi ana asukulu akusekondale anatsogolera, kutsatira malangizo a mabwenzi awo okulirapo pang’ono. Ankavala zomangira za Oscar Wilde, ankachita maphwando ndi atsikana ndi champagne, ndipo ankathandizira abambo awo owonongeka.
Pakati pa zowawa, kukhumudwa, umphawi, unyamata wotentha thupi, kutentha thupi, chilakolako ndi mzimu wa carnival unakula. Achichepere tsopano anali ndi ndalama, osati achikulire. Chikhalidwe chenicheni cha ndalama chasintha - chinali chamtengo wapatali kwa maola angapo, choncho ndalamazo zinaponyedwa, ndalamazo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira komanso osati zomwe anthu okalamba amagwiritsa ntchito.
Mabala ambiri ndi makalabu ausiku anatsegulidwa. Achinyamata okwatirana adayendayenda m'madera osangalatsa, monga m'mafilimu okhudza moyo wa anthu apamwamba. Aliyense ankalakalaka kupanga chikondi mu malungo amisala, osilira.
Chikondi pachokha chapeza khalidwe lokwera mtengo. Kunali kofunikira kugwiritsira ntchito mwaŵi umene unatseguka, ndipo unyinji unayenera kuwapatsa
"Zowona zatsopano" za chikondi zidapezeka. Kunali kutulukira kwa moyo wopanda nkhawa, wodzidzimutsa, wopepuka wachimwemwe. Zosangalatsa zachikondi zakhala zachilendo, zikukula mwachangu kwambiri popanda kuzungulira. Mnyamatayo, yemwe m'zaka zimenezo adaphunzira kukondana, adalumphira pa chikondi ndikugwera m'manja mwachipongwe. Ineyo kapena anzanga sanali a m’badwo uwu. Tinali ndi zaka 15-16, ndiko kuti, zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zocheperapo.
Pambuyo pake, pochita ngati okonda okhala ndi ma mark 20 mthumba mwathu, nthawi zambiri tinkachitira nsanje okalamba ndipo nthawi ina tinkayambitsa masewera achikondi ndi mwayi wina. Ndipo mu 1923, tinali kungosuzumira pabowo la kiyi, koma ngakhale zimenezo zinali zokwanira kuti fungo la nthaŵiyo lifike pamphuno zathu. Tinafika ku tchuthi chimenechi, kumene misala yosangalatsa inali kuchitika; kumene okhwima oyambirira, otopetsa moyo ndi thupi licentiousness ankalamulira mpira; kumene ankamwa ruff kuchokera zosiyanasiyana cocktails; tamva nkhani za achichepere okulirapo pang’ono ndipo talandira chipsompsono chadzidzidzi, chotentha kuchokera kwa mtsikana wodzipanga molimba mtima.
Panalinso mbali ina ya ndalamazo. Chiwerengero cha opempha chikuwonjezeka tsiku lililonse. Tsiku lililonse malipoti owonjezereka odzipha anali kusindikizidwa.
Zikwangwani zidadzazidwa ndi "Wanted!" malonda monga kuba ndi kuba zinakula kwambiri. Tsiku lina ndinawona mayi wachikulire - kapena kani, dona wokalamba - atakhala pa benchi pakiyo mowongoka modabwitsa komanso osasuntha. Khamu la anthu linali litasonkhana momuzungulira. “Wamwalira,” anatero munthu wina wodutsa. “Njala,” anatero wina. Zimenezi sizinandidabwitsa kwenikweni. Tinalinso ndi njala kunyumba.
Inde, abambo anga anali m'modzi mwa anthu omwe sanamvetse nthawi yomwe idafika, kapena kuti sanafune kumvetsetsa. Mofananamo, nthawi ina iye anakana kumvetsa nkhondo. Anabisala ku nthawi zomwe zikubwera kuseri kwa mawu akuti "Mkulu wa Prussia sachita ndi zochita!" ndipo sanagule masheya. Panthaŵiyo, ndinaona ichi kukhala chisonyezero choonekeratu cha kutengeka maganizo, chimene sichinali chogwirizana ndi khalidwe la atate wanga, chifukwa chakuti anali mmodzi wa anthu anzeru koposa amene ndinawadziŵapo. Lero ndikumumvetsa bwino. Lero ndikhoza, ngakhale poyang'ana kumbuyo, kugawana nawo kunyansidwa kumene bambo anga anakana "zokwiyitsa zamakono zonsezi"; lero ndikumva kunyansidwa ndi bambo anga, zobisika kuseri kwa mafotokozedwe athyathyathya monga: sungathe kuchita zomwe sungathe kuchita. Tsoka ilo, kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo yapamwamba imeneyi nthaŵi zina kwafika poipa kwambiri. Fala ili likanakhala tsoka lenileni ngati mayi anga sanapeze njira yoti agwirizane ndi zinthu zomwe zimasintha nthawi zonse.
Motero, umu ndi mmene moyo unkaonekera kunja kwa banja la mkulu wina waudindo wa ku Prussia. Patsiku la makumi atatu ndi limodzi kapena loyamba la mwezi uliwonse, abambo anga ankalandira malipiro awo a mwezi uliwonse, omwe tinkangokhalira kukhala - maakaunti aku banki ndi ma depositi ku banki yosungira ndalama zatsika kale. Kodi kukula kwenikweni kwa malipiro amenewa kunali kotani, n'zovuta kunena; kusinthasintha kwa mwezi ndi mwezi; nthawi ina XNUMX miliyoni inali ndalama yochititsa chidwi, nthawi ina theka la biliyoni linasanduka thumba la ndalama.
Mulimonse mmene zinalili, bambo anga anayesa kugula khadi la sitima yapansi panthaka mwamsanga kuti athe kuyenda ulendo wopita kuntchito ndi kunyumba kwa mwezi wathunthu, ngakhale kuti maulendo apansi panthaka ankadutsa njira yaitali ndipo ankawononga nthawi yambiri. Kenako ndalama zinasungidwa ku lendi ndi kusukulu, ndipo masana banja linkapita kwa wometa tsitsi. Zina zonse zinaperekedwa kwa amayi anga - ndipo tsiku lotsatira banja lonse (kupatula bambo anga) ndi mdzakazi amadzuka XNUMX kapena XNUMX koloko m'mawa ndikupita pa taxi kupita ku Central Market. Kugula kwamphamvu kunakonzedwa kumeneko, ndipo mkati mwa ola limodzi malipiro a mwezi uliwonse a khonsolo ya boma yeniyeni (oberregirungsrat) adagwiritsidwa ntchito pogula zinthu za nthawi yaitali. Tchizi zazikulu, zozungulira za soseji zosuta kwambiri, matumba a mbatata - zonsezi zidakwezedwa mu taxi. Ngati m’galimoto munalibe malo okwanira, wantchitoyo ndi mmodzi wa ife ankatenga ngolo ndi kunyamula zogulira kunyumba. Cha m’ma XNUMX koloko, sukulu isanayambike, tinabwerera kuchokera ku Central Market okonzekera kuzinga mwezi uliwonse. Ndipo ndizo zonse!
Kwa mwezi wathunthu tinalibe ndalama ngakhale pang’ono. Wophika buledi wozoloŵereka anatipatsa buledi mwangongole. Ndipo kotero ife ankakhala pa mbatata, nyama kusuta, zamzitini chakudya ndi bouillon cubes. Nthawi zina tinkalipira ndalama zowonjezera, koma nthawi zambiri zinkapezeka kuti tinali osauka kuposa osauka. Tinalibe ngakhale ndalama zokwanira tikiti ya tram kapena nyuzipepala. Sindingathe kulingalira momwe banja lathu likanapulumukira ngati tsoka lamtundu wina litagwera pa ife: matenda aakulu kapena chinachake chonga icho.
Inali nthawi yovuta komanso yosasangalatsa kwa makolo anga. Zinawoneka kwa ine zachilendo kwambiri kuposa zosasangalatsa. Chifukwa cha ulendo wautali wozungulira wopita kunyumba, atate ankathera nthaŵi yawo yambiri ali panyumba. Chifukwa cha ichi, ine ndiri ndi maola ambiri a mtheradi, ufulu wosalamulirika. Zowona, kunalibe ndalama za m’thumba, koma mabwenzi anga aakulu akusukulu anakhala olemera m’lingaliro lenileni la liwulo, sanapangitse nkomwe kukhala kovuta kundiitanira ku holide yawo yopenga.
Ndinalima kusalabadira umphawi wa kwathu komanso chuma cha anzanga. Sindinakhumudwe nazo choyamba ndipo sindinasikire chachiwiricho. Ndangopeza zonse zachilendo komanso zodabwitsa. Ndipotu, ine ndiye ankangokhala mbali yanga «Ine» panopa, ziribe kanthu zosangalatsa ndi zokopa anayesetsa kukhala.
Malingaliro anga anali okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi dziko la mabuku momwe ndinalowamo; dziko lapansi lameza zambiri za moyo wanga ndi kukhalapo kwanga
Ndawerenga Buddenbrooks ndi Tonio Kroeger, Niels Luhne ndi Malte Laurids Brigge, ndakatulo za Verlaine, Rilke oyambirira, Stefan George ndi Hoffmannsthal, November ndi Flaubert ndi Dorian Gray ndi Wilde, Flutes ndi Daggers ndi Heinrich Manna.
Ndinasanduka munthu ngati anthu a m’mabuku amenewo. Ndinakhala wotopa ndi dziko, wofunafuna kukongola wakufa. Mnyamata wina wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, wowoneka bwino, wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, atavala suti yake, atadulidwa moyipa, ndidayendayenda m'misewu ya Berlin yoopsa kwambiri, ndikudziyesa ndekha ngati bambo wa Mann, tsopano ngati Wilde dandy. Kudziona ndekha kumeneku sikunatsutse ngakhale pang’ono kuti m’maŵa wa tsiku lomwelo ine, pamodzi ndi mdzakazi uja, ndinanyamula ngolo yokhala ndi tchizi ndi matumba a mbatata.
Kodi maganizo amenewa anali opanda chifukwa? Kodi anali owerenga okha? Zikuwonekeratu kuti wachinyamata wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka masika nthawi zambiri amakhala wotopa, wopanda chiyembekezo, wotopa komanso wokhumudwa, koma sitinakumanepo mokwanira - ndikutanthauza tokha komanso anthu ngati ine - kale mokwanira kuyang'ana dziko motopa. , mokayikira, mosasamala, monyoza pang'ono kuti tipeze mwa ife tokha makhalidwe a Thomas Buddenbrock kapena Tonio Kröger? Posachedwapa, panali nkhondo yaikulu, ndiko kuti, masewera ankhondo aakulu, ndi mantha obwera chifukwa cha zotsatira zake, komanso maphunziro a ndale pa nthawi ya kusintha komwe kunakhumudwitsa anthu ambiri.
Tsopano tinali owonerera ndi otenga nawo mbali m’chiwonetsero chatsiku ndi tsiku cha kugwa kwa malamulo onse a dziko lapansi, kugwa kwa anthu akale ndi zochitika zawo zakudziko. Tapereka ulemu ku zikhulupiriro ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyanasiyana zosemphana. Kwa nthawi ndithu tinali okonda mtendere, kenako okonda dziko, ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake tinasonkhezeredwa ndi Marxism (chodabwitsa chofanana ndi maphunziro a kugonana: Marxism ndi maphunziro a kugonana zinali zosavomerezeka, wina anganene kuti ndi zoletsedwa; Marxism ndi maphunziro a kugonana adagwiritsa ntchito njira zodzidzimutsa za maphunziro. ndipo adachita cholakwika chimodzi: kuganizira mbali yofunika kwambiri, yokanidwa ndi makhalidwe a anthu onse - chikondi muzochitika zina, mbiri ina). Imfa ya Rathenau inatiphunzitsa phunziro lankhanza, kusonyeza kuti ngakhale munthu wamkulu ndi akufa, ndi «Ruhr War» anatiphunzitsa kuti zonse zolinga zabwino ndi zokayikitsa ntchito «kumezedwa» ndi anthu mofanana mosavuta.
Kodi panali chilichonse chomwe chingalimbikitse mbadwo wathu? Ndipotu, kudzoza ndi chithumwa cha moyo kwa achinyamata. Palibe chomwe chatsala koma kusirira kukongola kwamuyaya komwe kumayaka m'mavesi a George ndi Hoffmannsthal; palibe koma kukayikira kodzikuza ndipo, ndithudi, kukonda maloto. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, palibe mtsikana yemwe anali atadzutsabe chikondi changa, koma ndinapanga ubwenzi ndi mnyamata wina yemwe anali ndi malingaliro anga ndi zoneneratu za bukhu. Zinali pafupifupi pathological, ethereal, amantha, mokhudza ubwenzi kuti anyamata okha angathe, ndiyeno mpaka atsikana kwenikweni analowa moyo wawo. Ubale woterewu umatha msanga.
Tinkakonda kuyendayenda m’misewu kwa maola ambiri tikaweruka kusukulu; kuphunzira momwe ndalama zosinthira ndalama za dollar zidasinthira, kusinthanitsa mawu osavuta pazandale, nthawi yomweyo tinayiwala zonsezi ndikuyamba kukambirana mabuku mosangalala. Tinakhazikitsa lamulo paulendo uliwonse kuti tipende bwino buku latsopano lomwe tangowerenga kumene. Modzaza ndi chisangalalo chowopsa, mwamantha tinkafufuza miyoyo ya wina ndi mnzake. Kutentha kwa inflation kunali kukulirakulira, anthu anali kupatukana ndi kuoneka kwa thupi, dziko la Germany linali kusanduka mabwinja pamaso pathu, ndipo chirichonse chinali chiyambi chabe cha kulingalira kwathu kwakukulu, tiyeni tinene, za chikhalidwe cha wanzeru, za. kaya kufooka kwamakhalidwe ndi kunyozeka kuli kovomerezeka kwa katswiri.
Ndipo chinali maziko otani nanga - osaiŵalika modabwitsa!
Kumasulira: Nikita Eliseev, lolembedwa ndi Galina Snezhinskaya
. Buku la Ivan Limbach Publishing House.