Kodi chingachitike n’chiyani kwa munthu ngati watsala ndi theka la ubongo wake? Tikuganiza kuti yankho ndi lodziwikiratu. Chiwalo chomwe chimayang'anira njira zofunika kwambiri pamoyo ndizovuta, ndipo kutayika kwa gawo lalikulu kungayambitse zotsatira zoyipa komanso zosasinthika. Komabe, mphamvu za ubongo wathu zimadabwitsabe ngakhale akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo. Katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo Sebastian Ocklenburg akugawana zomwe apeza pa kafukufuku yemwe amamveka ngati chiwembu cha kanema wa sci-fi.
Nthawi zina, madokotala amayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti apulumutse moyo wa munthu. Imodzi mwa njira zazikuluzikulu za opaleshoni ya ubongo ndi hemispherectomy, kuchotsa kwathunthu kwa gawo limodzi la ubongo. Njirayi imachitika pokhapokha ngati pali khunyu yosachiritsika ngati njira yomaliza pamene njira zina zonse zalephera. Pamene okhudzidwa hemisphere kuchotsedwa, pafupipafupi khunyu khunyu, aliyense amene amaika pangozi moyo wa wodwalayo, amachepetsa kapena kutha. Koma n’chiyani chimachitika kwa wodwalayo?
Katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo Sebastian Ocklenburg amadziwa zambiri za momwe ubongo ndi ma neurotransmitters zimakhudzira khalidwe la anthu, maganizo awo, ndi momwe akumvera. Akukamba za kafukufuku waposachedwapa amene amathandiza kumvetsa mmene ubongo umagwirira ntchito pamene kutsala theka la izo.
Asayansi adasanthula maukonde aubongo mwa odwala angapo, omwe aliyense wa iwo adachotsedwapo gawo limodzi mwaubwana wake. Zotsatira za kuyesera zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa ubongo kukonzanso ngakhale pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwakukulu, ngati kuwonongeka kumeneku kumachitika ali wamng'ono.
Ngakhale popanda ntchito zinazake, ubongo umagwira ntchito kwambiri: mwachitsanzo, mu chikhalidwe ichi timalota
Olembawo adagwiritsa ntchito njira ya neurobiological of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) popuma. Mu kafukufukuyu, ubongo wa omwe atenga nawo mbali amawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito MRI scanner, makina omwe zipatala zambiri zili nazo masiku ano. Makina ojambulira a MRI amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zithunzi zingapo za ziwalo zathupi kutengera maginito awo.
MRI yogwira ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zithunzi za ubongo pa ntchito inayake. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amalankhula kapena kusuntha zala zake. Kuti apange zithunzi zingapo popuma, wofufuzayo amafunsa wodwalayo kuti agonebe mu scanner ndipo asachite kalikonse.
Komabe, ngakhale popanda ntchito yeniyeni, ubongo umasonyeza ntchito zambiri: mwachitsanzo, mu chikhalidwe ichi timalota, ndipo maganizo athu "amayendayenda". Pozindikira kuti ndi madera ati a ubongo omwe akugwira ntchito akagona, ofufuzawo adatha kupeza maukonde ake ogwira ntchito.
Asayansi anafufuza maukonde pa mpumulo gulu la odwala amene anachitidwa opaleshoni kuchotsa theka la ubongo wawo ali mwana ndi kuwayerekezera iwo ndi gulu lolamulira la ophunzira amene anali ndi theka onse a ubongo ntchito.
Ubongo wathu wodabwitsa
Zotsatira zake zinalidi zodabwitsa. Wina angayembekezere kuti kuchotsedwa kwa theka la ubongo kungasokoneze kwambiri bungwe lake. Komabe, maukonde a odwala omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni yotere amawoneka modabwitsa mofanana ndi gulu lolamulira la anthu athanzi.
Ofufuzawo adapeza maukonde asanu ndi awiri ogwira ntchito osiyanasiyana, monga omwe amalumikizidwa ndi chidwi, luso lowonera komanso magalimoto. Odwala omwe ali ndi theka laubongo atachotsedwa, kulumikizana pakati pa zigawo zaubongo mkati mwa maukonde omwe amagwira ntchito kunali kofanana modabwitsa ndi gulu lolamulira lomwe lili ndi ma hemispheres onse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti odwala anasonyeza yachibadwa ubongo kukula, ngakhale palibe theka la izo.
Ngati opaleshoni ikuchitika adakali aang'ono, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri amakhalabe yachibadwa chidziwitso ntchito ndi luntha.
Komabe, panali kusiyana kumodzi: odwalawo anali ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kugwirizana pakati pa maukonde osiyanasiyana. Malumikizidwe owonjezerekawa akuwoneka kuti akuwonetsa njira zakukonzanso kotekisi pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa theka la ubongo. Pokhala ndi kugwirizana kwamphamvu pakati pa ubongo wonse, anthuwa akuwoneka kuti amatha kupirira kutayika kwa dziko lina. Ngati opareshoni ikuchitika adakali aang'ono, wodwala nthawi zambiri amakhalabe yachibadwa chidziwitso ntchito ndi luntha, ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.
Izi zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri mukaganizira kuti kuwonongeka kwa ubongo pambuyo pake m'moyo - mwachitsanzo, ndi sitiroko - kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa pa luso lachidziwitso, ngakhale madera ang'onoang'ono a ubongo awonongeka.
N’zachidziŵikire kuti chipukuta misozi choterocho sichichitika nthaŵi zonse ndipo osati pa msinkhu uliwonse. Komabe, zotsatira za phunziroli zimathandizira kwambiri pakuphunzira kwa ubongo. Pali mipata yambiri m'dera lino lachidziwitso, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti akatswiri a neurophysiologists ndi biopsychologists ali ndi ntchito zambiri, ndipo olemba ndi ojambula zithunzi ali ndi malo ongoganizira.
Za Katswiri: Sebastian Ocklenburg ndi biopsychologist.